3/9 Lecture Flashcards
(30 cards)
1
Q
Authoritative parenting
A
warm, involved, considers child’s wishes&opinions, set clear standards, in firm, confronts disobedience, high expectations
2
Q
Authoritarian parenting
A
little warmth, does not ask for child’s opinions, enforces rules, but doesn’t explain, shows displeasure, punitive discipline, views child as “wild”
3
Q
Permissive
A
moderately warm, glorifies free expressions of impulses and desires, does not set or enforce clear rules, ignore bad behavior, yields to coercion
4
Q
Uninvolved
A
self-centered, unresponsive, tries to minimize interactions with the child, doesn’t monitor where the child is or whether he/she is safe, may be depressed and needy
5
Q
Child of Authoritative
A
- Preschool: energetic and friendly, socially competent
- Childhood: high cognitive & social competence
- Adolescence: high self-esteem & academic competence
6
Q
Child of Authoritarian
A
- Preschool: conflicted & irritable; fearful & moody
- Childhood: average cognitive & social competence
- Adolescence: average academic, more conforming
7
Q
Child of Permissive
A
Preschool: impulsive & aggressive
- Childhood: low cognitive & social competence
- Adolescence: poor self-control, more drug use
8
Q
Child of Uninvolved
A
- Preschool: aggressive, noncompliant, moody
- Childhood: disruptive, poor, classroom performance
- Adolescence: hostile, selfish, rebellious
9
Q
Sources of variation in parenting styles
A
- Quality marriage
- Parent personality
- Parent mental health
- Parent’s own experiences as children
- Parent genetics
10
Q
Child themselves in parenting style
A
- Parent effects model: parent -> child
- Child effects model: child-> parent
- Transactional model: child parent
11
Q
Low socioeconomic status
A
On average:
- Stress obedience and respect for authority
- Be more restrictive and authoritarian
- Reason with their children less frequently
- Show less warmth
12
Q
Why low socioeconomic status
A
- Working more our hours, being more strict
- Stress for child care qualities
- Stress for marriage
- Focus on this strategies with less work
- Pushing their kids hard to get them have better outcome
- Kinds of job those SES people have, usually respecting authority; tendency to believe that your kids will have the similar jobs, it is important for your kids to understand how to respect the boss
- Possibly adaptive: want the kids to stay safe
13
Q
Asian and Asian-American Parents
A
Chinese parents reported:
- lower warmth and acceptance
- more use of physical coercion
- This kids have more cultural influence believing that’s a form of love so they do well socially and academically
14
Q
African-American Parents
A
African-American youth
- Spanking & other power-assertive tactics do not lead to heightened aggression & antisocial conduct
- “No nonsense” and signs of concern leads to good outcomes
15
Q
Better childcare is associated with…
A
- Higher levels of compliance
- Better sociability and peer relations
- Better attention regulation
- Lower rates of negative affect and behavior problems
- Enhances children’s language, reading and math skills
- Tend to be attended by middle and upper class kids
16
Q
Parental vs nonparental care depends on….
A
- Did parent want to be a caregiver
- Is the parent a good caregiver
- Is the nonparental caregiver a good caregiver
17
Q
Abercedarian Project
A
- In North Carolina
- Randomly assigned them into high quality child care from age 0-5 years old
- 18 months: higher scores on mental tests
- Ages 12-15, the intervention group had higher average scores on mental tests including reading and math from primary grades through middle adolescence
18
Q
Results at 21 years old
A
- Longer in schooling
- Graduated from college or university
- Have first child after high school at 19 years old compared to 17 years old in control group
- Higher employment
19
Q
Donor Insemination Families
A
DI children vs children with 2 bio parents equal in:
- Behavioral problems
- Emotional development
- Scholastic achievement
- Peer relations
20
Q
Gay & Lesbian Families
A
Do not support these:
- No more likely to be homosexual
- They are as mature and well-adjusted
- No differences in cognition, emotion, or morality
21
Q
Parents in Divorce
A
- Custodial mothers can sometimes become edgy, impatient, and insensitive to child’s needs; coercive parenting
- Noncustodial fathers can be permissive and indulgent
22
Q
Children in Divorce
A
- In general, tough on kids at all ages
- In long term, most kids do OK
- Stable 1-parent home>conflict-ridden 2-parent home
23
Q
Adoption
A
- Much higher rates of psychological problems
- externalizing and learning disorders (ADHD, Conduct, Substance)
- Suicidal behavior, lower cognitive, poorer school performance
- Depends on country of origin (Korean adoptees in Sweden)
- Searching for birth parents between 1/3 and 2/3 search for parents; often female search; searchers have more adjustment issues
24
Q
Individualistic cultures
A
- Encourage influence
- Influence requires immediate action & increases in arousal
- Should value high positive arousal states
25
Collectivist cultures
* Encourage adjustment
* Adjustment requires suspended action & decreases in arousal
* Should value low positive arousal states
26
Do cultural differences in ideal affect emerge early in life?
* Saw pictures and heard about a child behaving in an excited manner and child behaving in a calm way
* European American most likely to pick excited activity while Taiwanese children are more likely to pick calm activity
27
Are differences in ideal affect culturally transmitted?
* Identified top storybooks for kids in the U.S. and Taiwan
* Coded for calm/excited expressions, smile size, and arousal level of activities
* American have more excited expressions, higher level of arousal, and higher smile width than Taiwanese children
28
Can exposure to storybook content alter ideal affect?
* EA, AA and TC
* Random assignment to a calm or exciting story condition
* Show me your ideal playground
* Which culture group does not matter but which kinds of book that you have read
* Reading excited content-> Prefer excited activities
29
Self-Concept
EA and Chinese
* Tell us about four personal events
* # of other vs self recollections
* European American (Individualistic) are more likely to talk about themselves while Chinese children (Collectivist) are more likely to talk about themselves and others
30
Early Social Cognition
1-2 years old
* Middle class, rural Canada: parents go to work, child care
* Traditional small-scale community in rural Peru: stay with mum during days
* Traditional small-scale community in rural India: stay with mum during days
* No differences in imitation, helping, gaze-following, collaboration, and joint attention
