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MED 102- GENERAL CHEMISTRY > 3. ATOMIC AND ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE (PART 1) > Flashcards

3. ATOMIC AND ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE (PART 1) Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Who was the first to propose an atomic structure for matter?
A
  • Democritus
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2
Q
  1. What does the word “Atom” mean in Greek?
A
  • “A” means anti in Greek
  • “tom” means slice in Greek
  • Atom means an object that cannot be cut/sliced into smaller parts
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3
Q
  1. What is, chemically, the smallest piece of matter?
A
  • an atom
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4
Q
  1. What technology allows us to visualise atoms?
A
  • Scanning Tunnelling Electron Microscope (STEM) images
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5
Q
  1. What kind of model of an atom is this?
A
  • the Borr Model
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6
Q
  1. Who is the Borr Model named after?
A
  • Niell Borr
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7
Q
  1. Is this Borr Model valid?
A
  • no
  • it is useful though
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8
Q
  1. Do Neutrons have charge?
A
  • no
  • they are chargeless
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9
Q
  1. Where do Electrons exist in the atom?
A
  • in their own individual orbits
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10
Q
  1. What is the electrical charge of a Proton?
A
  • +1
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11
Q
  1. What is the exact electrical charge of a proton?
A
  • 1.6022 x 10-19 coulomb
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12
Q
  1. What is the mass of a proton?
A
  • 1 atomic mass unit (A.M.U)
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13
Q
  1. What is the electrical charge of a neutron?
A
  • zero
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14
Q
  1. What is the mass of a neutron?
A
  • 1 atomic mass unit
    (A.M.U)
  • it is ever so slightly higher than the mass of a proton
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15
Q
  1. What is the electrical charge of an electron?
A
  • -1
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16
Q
  1. What is the exact electrical charge of an electron?
A
  • negative 1.6022 x 10-19 coulomb
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17
Q
  1. What is the mass of an electron?
A
  • 0.00055 atomic mass units
    (A.M.U)
  • it is smaller than the mass of a proton
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18
Q
  1. What model is this?
A
  • this is the Electron Cloud Model
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19
Q
  1. What forms the cloud like sphere around the atom?
A
  • the electrons
  • they move at 80% of the speed of light
  • this is called the electron cloud
20
Q
  1. Where is most of the mass in the atom found?
A
  • in the nucleus
21
Q
  1. Why are electrons very difficult to locate?
A
  • they are spinning very fast around the nucleus
22
Q
  1. Provide the names for labels 1,2 and 3?
A
  1. Mass Number
  2. Atomic Number
  3. Element Symbol
23
Q
  1. What do atomic symbols enable us to do?
A
  • they enable us to determine the number of subatomic particles in a particular atom
24
Q
  1. What does the atomic number represent?
A
  • the number of protons
25
25. What does the mass number represent?
- the number of nucleons - these are the protons and the neutrons
26
26. What represents the number of electrons?
- the number of protons in a neutral atom
27
27. Are the number of protons and electrons equal in all atoms?
- no - these are called ions
28
28. What are positive ions called?
- cations
29
29. What are negative atoms called?
- anions
30
30. Provide the following information: 1. Name of element 2. Number of protons 3. Number of neutrons 4. Number of electrons
1. Cobalt 2. 27 protons 3. 32 neutrons (59-27) 4. 25 electrons (27-2)
31
31. What defines the element?
- the atomic number - this is the proton number
32
32. Can two different elements have the same atomic number?
- NO
33
33. Within an element, can we have different atoms, all with the same atomic number?
- yes
34
34. What is different about these atoms with the same atomic number?
- they have different mass numbers - their number of neutrons is different
35
35. What does each stable isotope have? Name 2 attributes.
- it has a mass - it has a natural abundance (in nature)
36
36. What does an unstable (radioactive) isotope have? Provide an example.
- it has a half-life - Carbon-14 is radioactive with a half-life of 5730 years - it is used in carbon-dating methods for ancient samples
37
37. What is the Average Atomic Mass?
- it is the weighted average of the different isotopes of an element
38
38. What 2 factors are taken into account when finding the weighted average of the atomic mass?
- isotopic mass - natural abundance of each isotope
39
39. Where is the Average Atomic Mass displayed on the Periodic Table?
- the average atomic mass of an element is what is displayed underneath the symbol on the Periodic Table
40
40. Where are electrons moving, at first approximation?
- in orbits (shells) around the nucleus
41
41. What is the maximum number of electrons in the 1st shell?
- 2 electrons
42
42. What is the maximum number of electrons in the 2nd shell?
- 8 electrons
43
43. What is the maximum number of electrons in the 3rd shell?
- 18 electrons
44
44. Do electrons tend to pair up?
- yes
45
45. Read through this summary? Do you understand everything?
- yes

MED 102- GENERAL CHEMISTRY (27 decks)

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