Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PSYC 101 > 3) Brain Behavior Network > Flashcards

3) Brain Behavior Network Flashcards

1
Q

Central Nervous System

A

brain + spinal cord

Controls mind and behavior
Sensory info comes in, decisions to act come out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Spinal cord is protected by?

A

meninges (3 thin layers of membranes) and cerebral ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cerebral ventricles

A

Pockets in brain that contain CSF
Provide brain with nutrients and cushion against injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A

CNS shock absorber
Allow us to move our heads rapidly without brain damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cerebrum or Forebrain

A

Top part of brain, most highly developed area that allows advanced intellectual abilities

Controls complex cognitive, emotional, sensory, & motor functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the forebrain / cerebrum divided into?

A

Cerebral Cortex & Subcortical structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

Outer + largest component of forebrain

Responsible for higher brain functions:
most complex aspects of perception, movement, thought

Analyzes sensory info

Gyri and sulci are not random!
2 cerebral hemispheres
4 lobes + hidden insular lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Gyri and Sulci

A

gyrus: smooth surface (raised parts)
sulcus: indentations and fissures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the subcortical structures of the forebrain?

A

Basal ganglia + limbic system:
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Pituitary gland
Amygdala
Hippocampus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

the two halves of the cerebral cortex communicate through ____

A

the corpus callosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

T or F : people can live with only one half of a brain

A

true
if taken out early, brain tries to assume the roles of missing half

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How did ____ find out that the 2 hemispheres of the cerebral cortex serve different functions?

A

Roger Sperry
Split brain surgery - severe corpus callosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Grey matter

A

in outer layers of cortex
cell bodies + dendrites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

white matter

A

inner layers of cortex
axons + myelin sheaths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Left hemisphere functions

A

Controls right side of body
Actions
Find-tuned language skills
- reading, writing, speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Right hemisphere functions

A

Controls left side of body
Visuospatial skills
Coarse language skills
- simple speech, tone of voice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which hemisphere deals with face perception and perceptual grouping?

A

right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

which hemisphere deals with motion detection and allows us to make facial expressions?

A

left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Corpus callosum

A

large band of fibres that connects the 2 cerebral hemispheres, relaying info

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Split brain surgery

A

Procedure that severs corpus callosum to reduce spread of seizures
Experience separation of mental functions

ex/
Info originating from left field goes to visual cortex on the right side, and is blocked from crossing over back to left hemi
&laquo_space;refer to notes for pic&raquo_space;

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Lateralization

A

cognitive functions that relies on one side of brain more than the other

Even though 2 hemis are connected and work together to coordinate functions, each hemi serves diff functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Are personalities lateralized?

A

NOOOOO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Name the lobes in the cerebral cortex and super briefly describe what they do

A

Frontal - thinking + speech production
Parietal - touch + spatial perception
Temporal - hearing + language comprehension
Occipital - sight
Insular - taste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Frontal lobe + what it contains

A

Abstract thinking, planning, judgement, memory, & movement

Executive functioning
- organize + coordinate other brain area functions

Contains
- Motor cortex
- Prefrontal cortex (Broca’s Area)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Motor cortex
in frontal lobe, responsible for voluntary body movement - each part of cortex controls specific part of body - parts can get bigger if it's used alot
26
prefrontal cortex
in front of motor cortex in frontal lobe thinking, decision making, planning - contributes to mood, personality, self awareness - broca's area
27
Which part of our brain helps to keep our impulses in check?
prefrontal cortex, in frontal lobe
28
broca's area
in prefrontal cortex of frontal lobe language area that helps control speech production
29
Damage to which part of our brain can change our personality?
frontal lobe ex/ phineas gage
30
central sulcus
deep groove that separates frontal lobe from rest of cortex
31
Parietal lobe
Spatial perception Somatosensory cortex - process touch - guides our attention - help us process others actions - integrates senses
32
Which lobe relays visual + touch info to the Motor cortex?
parietal ex/ imagining the fluffiness of your pillow
33
Unilateral / hemispatial neglect
damage to parietal lobe Neglect opposite side of body from where damage occurred to this lobe (cuz brain pathways cross over to other side of body)
34
Temporal lobe
Auditory cortex - process sound info Wernicke's area Involved in long term memory Fusiform Face area
35
Wernicke's area
in temporal lobe - speech + language comprehension - damage to this area = speak gibberish
36
fusiform face area
in temporal lobe ability to recognize faces and meaningful features
37
Occipital lobe
visual cortex - process visual info - proportionally larger in humans cuz we depend on it alot eyes -> thalamus -> occipital lobe
38
Bats that rely on sound should have a bigger ____
auditory cortex
39
Insular lobe
taste perception - perceives internal organ states - linked to emotions of compassion & empathy
40
Basal Ganglia
subcortical structure in forebrain - control & plan intentional movement - skill & habit learning, behaviours we find rewarding - emotions, language, decision making, memory
41
Parkinson's disease is due to damage to which area of the brain?
basal ganglia
42
Which area is particularly involved in skill & habit learning, such as hobbies?
basal ganglia
43
What is in the limbic system?
thalamus hypothalamus amygdala hippocampus
44
Limbic system
where subcortical structures meet the cortex Emotional center closely tied to ANS also involved in motivation, learning, memory
45
what sense is closely tied to emotion?
smell
46
___ structures create bridge between hemis and brain stem
limbic
47
limbic system evolved out of which system in early mammals?
olfactory (smell)
48
thalamus
part of limbic system, gateway from sense organs to primary sensory cortex Relays & FILTERS out info from senses and transmits info to specific parts of cerebral cortex Integrates senses, initial processing
49
hypothalamus
in limbic system Maintains constant internal state (homeostasis) Regulate hormone release and ANS - Controls pituitary gland - Emotion & motivation - Body temp - Psychological drives (the four Fs)
50
amygdala
subcortical structure in limbic system Emotional learning & memories (esp fear & aggression) Modulates attention & perception based on emotions Fear conditioning Make sense of faces and social cues, involves positive emotions too!
51
fear conditioning
when ppl learn to predict when smt scary is gonna happen
52
hippocampus
Spatial navigation/memory Formation of new long-term memories Learning new facts, vivid remembering Integrating memories into network of knowledge to be stored in other parts of forebrain Damage here does not impact skill & habit learning (thats the basal ganglia)
53
Spacial memory
Memory of physical layout of things in environment
54
As we learn to navigate, the size of our ___ increases (ex/ in taxi drivers)
hippocampus
55
Cerebellum
in hindbrain but not in brain stem "little brain" Controls balance Coordinates precise movements Learn motor skills Contributes to executive, memory, spatial, & linguistic abilities
56
If we are standing on one foot, which part of our brain helps prevent us from falling down?
cerebellum
57
Brain stem + what it consists of
part of the brain between spinal cord & cerebral cortex basic bodily functions that keep us alive - midbrain - pons - medulla
58
Midbrain
in brain stem Important for orientation Tracks visual stimuli Reflexes triggered by sound Controls big motor movements
59
what part of the brain is involved when a big THUMP makes you jump?
midbrain
60
Hindbrain + what it contains
below midbrain evolutionarily developed first contains cerebellum, pons, RAS, & medulla
61
pons
in brain stem, hindbrain relays info from cerebellum to rest of the brain/cerebral cortex Key role in sleep & dreaming
62
medulla
in brain stem, hindbrain An extension of the spinal cord that regulates vital reflexes (heart rate, circulation, respiration, sneezing, coughing) also involved in nausea & vomiting
63
Serious damage to the medulla can cause
brain death - unaware of surroundings and unresponsive - no spontaneous movement, breathing, or reflex
64
Reticular Activating System
in the brain stem, hindbrain regulates sleep + arousal - connects with forebrain - activate cortex by jacking up signal-to-noise ratio ex/ drugs for ADHD mimic NT activity in RAS
65
Someone who's in a coma probably took damage to which brain area?
Reticular activating system
66
Spinal cord
Thick bundle of nerves that conveys info between brain and body
67
What are nerves?
projections of neurons to and from other body parts, like highway traffic
68
Three major types of neurons & what they connect to
Sensory - body to brain Motor - brain to body interneurons - sensory neurons to motor neurons (without reporting to brain)
69
Reflexes
automatic motor response to sensory stimuli, thanks to interneurons ex/ stretch reflex = regripping when loosened
70
Where does info go when it is first picked up by a sense? (8)
1. funnel into thalamus - initial processing & filtering 2. primary sensory cortex specific to that sense 3. association cortex 4. basal ganglia 5. blueprint of movement to motor cortex 6. Spinal cord 7. motor neurons 8. muscles!
71
Which sense goes directly to the limbic system?
smell
72
primary sensory cortex
regions of cerebral cortex that initially process info from the senses
73
Association cortex
spread throughout all lobes integrates sensory info or simpler functions to perform more complex functions hierarchal: processing more complex as info is passed up network
74
most of the cerebrum is ____ cortex
association 75%
75
Peripheral Nervous System + what it's divided into
Nerves in body outside of CNS 1. Somatic Nervous System 2. Autonomic Nervous System a. Parasympathetic b. Sympathetic
76
Somatic Nervous System
Voluntary behaviour interacts with external envo Control movement & skeletal muscles
77
___ triggers and coordinates movements, ____ carries them out
brain // Somatic NS
78
Afferent vs Efferent nerves
Afferent: info to CNS Efferent: CNS to muscles (SNS) and organs (ANS)
79
Autonomic Nervous System
Division in PNS Nonvoluntary actions Internal environment like organs & glands interact with brain, helps regulate emotions with limbic system divided into 1. parasympathetic 2. sympathetic
80
Parasympathetic Nervous System
in ANS, chill Rest & digestion no threat, diff parts act independently
81
Sympathetic Nervous System
in ANS, stress Fight or flight Trigger physical responses during emotional arousal / crisis Neurons fire together, coordinated
82
Fight or flight is associated with which division in the PNS?
Sympathetic nervous system
83
Endocrine System
system of glands that controls secretion of hormones into bloodstream
84
Hormones
molecules that influence particular organs
85
Hormones vs Neurotransmitters
Carried thru blood instead of nerves Longer effects compared to NT Much slower in action snail mail vs text message
86
Pituitary Gland
Master Gland Subcortical structure controlled by hypothalamus Release hormones that direct what other glands do (also depends on actions of other glands)
87
This is referred to as our master gland
pituitary gland
88
Oxytocin
Hormone responsible for reproductive functions Maternal and romantic love, “cuddle hormone” Influence how much we trust others Coordinate social behaviors and emotional communication more sensitive to social cues, mirroring others cons: make us treat outsiders worse
89
Adrenal Gland
Emergency Centers on top of kidneys, release adrenaline & cortisol during emotional arousal
90
Adrenaline + what it does to our bodies
boost energy production in muscle cells, activated in emergencies / exciting activities - Increase blood flow: contraction of heart muscle & constrict blood vessels - Increase air intake: open bronchioles (tiny airways) of lungs - Fuel body: break down fat into fatty acid - Energize muscles: break down glycogen to glucose - Improve sight: open pupils - Decrease appetite: inhibits gastrointestinal secretions
91
____ nervous system triggers ____ gland to release adrenaline
Sympathetic // adrenal
92
Cortisol
released by adrenal gland increase in response to stress & anxiety regulates blood pressure and heart function, body's use of nutrients (i.e. weight)
93
Why is anxiety good?
prevent ppl from engaging in unethical or dangerous behaviour
94
Reproductive glands
Male and female make more of their own hormone, but everyone has both Testes - high levels of testosterone in males Ovaries - high levels of estrogen in females

PSYC 101 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions