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Neuroanatomy > 3. Brainstem > Flashcards

3. Brainstem Flashcards

1
Q

Which cranial nerve are not associated with the brain stem?

A

CN I, III

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2
Q

Define nucleus

A

Cluster of cell bodies located within the CNS that perform the same function and many the same connections

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3
Q

Define tract

A

Group of axons from the neurons of a nucleus (group of cell bodies)

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4
Q

Define cluster

A

A group of nuclei that are close together and may be interconnected

Ex: thalamus

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5
Q

Define formation

A

A group of nuclei that are more disperse; not in close proximity.
Ex: reticular formation

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6
Q

Name the CN

A

O, O, O, To Touch And Feel A Girl’s Vagina, Ah Heaven

I. Olfactory
II. Ophthalmic
III. Oculomotor
IV. Trochlear
V. Trigeminal
VI. Abducens
VII. Facial
VIII. Acoustic
IX. Glossopharyngeal
X. Vagus
XI. Accessory
XII. Hypoglossal
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7
Q

Name each cranial nerve and what part if the brain stem is it associated with?

A

Medbrain
CN III, IV

Pons
CN V, VI, VII, VIII

Medulla
CN IX, X, XI, XII

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8
Q

Which brain structure acts as the pathway for ascending and descending fiber tracts between the brain and the spinal cord?

A

Medulla

The major motor controlling tract (corticospinal tract) of the limbs and trunk, fine movement of hands and fingers is located here

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9
Q

What reflex centers are present in the medulla ?

A

Cardiovascular
Respiratory
Vestibular

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10
Q

What is decussation and where does it happen?

A

Crossing of the motor tracts

Happens in the medulla

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11
Q

A damage to a tract prior to decussation will affect what part of the body?

A

The opposite side of the body

If damage is to the right side before decussation then the left side of the body will be affected; contralateral

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12
Q

Damage to a tract after decussation will affect what part of the body ?

A

It will affect the same side

If the left side of the tract was damaged after decussation then the left side will be affected; ipsilateral

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13
Q

Name landmarks of the medulla

A 
Pyramids (axons)
Olives (cell bodies)
Reticular formation 
CN III, IV 
4th ventricle
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14
Q

What do the olivary nuclei of the medulla contribute to?

A

Perception of time
Motor movement
Timing of movements

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15
Q

Function of pon?

A

Rate of breathing

Coordinated movements between the head and eyes

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16
Q

What are the subdivision of the pons?

A

Tegentum: cell bodies
-site of many CN nuclei and connection to the cerebellar peduncles

Base: axons descending to spinal cord

17
Q

Landmarks of Pons

A

Reticular formation
4th ventricle
Cerebellar peduncles
CN V, VI, VII,VIII

18
Q

Landmark of midbrain

A 
CN III , IV
cerebellar peduncle
Tectum (Inferior & superior colliculi)
Substantial nigra
Red nucleus
Crus cerebri
Reticular formation
19
Q

What makes up the tectum? And where is it found?

A

Inferior and superior colliculi

Found in the midbrain

20
Q

Function of inferior colliculi

A

Relay from inner ear reflexive response to sound

21
Q

Function of superior colliculi

A

Visual attention, tracking objects and focusing

22
Q

Function of the midbrain

A

Eye movement and pupillary light reflex

Auditory and visual processing

23
Q

What are the two pair of nuclei located in the midbrain?

A

Superior and inferior colliculi

24
Q

Location and function of red nucleus ?

A

Located in the midbrain at the level of the superior colliculi
Function is controversial but probably motor with connection to cerebellum

25
Q

Location and function of the substantia nigra?

A

Located in midbrain at both level of superior and inferior colliculi
Function in movement re,acted to basal ganglia and reward

26
Q

What brain structure is believed to play a role in Parkinson’s disease?

A

Substantia nigra

27
Q

What brain structure plays a role in addiction?

A

Substantia nigra

28
Q

Which of the cranial nerve exits the brain stem dorsally?

A

CN IV; trochlear

29
Q

What’s considered the core of the brainstem? It’s function?

A

Reticular formation

Consciousness/arousal/general awareness, regulating breathing and filtering attention

Neuroanatomy (5 decks)

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