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**2.Part II - Updated Crozer > 3. Bugs and Drugs > Flashcards

3. Bugs and Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

what are Gram positive, catalase positive cocci in clusters?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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2
Q

drug of choice for Staph?

A

Keflex or Ancef

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3
Q

if keflex or ancef is not available,

what are alternative drug choices to treat Staph?

A
  • clindamycin,
  • Levaquin,
  • Vancomycin,
  • Azithromycin,
  • dicloxacillin,
  • nafcillin
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4
Q

Alternative drug for Staph if PCN allergy?

A
  • clindamycin,
  • Levaquin,
  • Vancomycin,
  • Azithromycin

(*CANNOT use dicloxacillin or nafcillin)

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5
Q

what if staph is resistant to methicillin?

A

MRSA (methacillin-resistant Staph aureus)

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6
Q

MRSA: drug of choice

A
  • Vanco IV
  • Bactrim PO (if sensitive)
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7
Q

what are alternatives for MRSA,

if vanco and bactrim are not available?

A
  • synercid, or
  • linezolid
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8
Q

MRSA: topical drug of choice

A

bactroban

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9
Q

Strep: drug of choice

A
  • Keflex, or
  • Ancef
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10
Q

what are Gram positive, catalase negative cocci that are in pairs or chains?

A

Streptococcus

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11
Q

what are alternative drugs to treat Strep,

if keflex or ancef is not available?

A
  • clindamycin
  • levaquin
  • vancomycin
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12
Q

alternative tx for strep

in patients with penicillin allergy?

A
  • clindamycin
  • levaquin
  • vancomycin

(same options with or without a penicillin allergy)

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13
Q

enterococcus: drug of choice

A

amoxicillin or vancomycin

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14
Q

alternative for enterococcus,

if amoxicillin or vancomycin is unavailable?

A
  • Augmentin
  • Linezolid
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15
Q

what if the enterococcus is resistant to vancomycin?

A

VRE

(vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus)

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16
Q

vancomycin-resistant enterococcus: drug of choice

A
  • linezolid, or
  • synercid
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17
Q

diptheroids: drug of choice

A

vancomycin

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18
Q

what is a short, Gram negative rod?

A

Escherichia coli

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19
Q

E. coli: drug of choice

A

Keflex or Ancef

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20
Q

Alternative for E. coli treatment if PCN allergy?

A

Cipro or Levaquin

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21
Q

Proteus: drug of choice

A

Keflex or Ampicillin

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22
Q

Alternatives for Proteus treatment if PCN allergy?

A

Cipro or Levaquin

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23
Q

E/C/S/M group: drug of choice

(ECSM: Enterobacter spp., Citrobacter spp., Serratia spp., and Morganella morganii)

A

Quinolone

(Cipro or Levaquin)

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24
Q

Alternative drugs for E/C/S/M group,

if quinolone is unavailable?

A
  • 3rd generation cephalosporin
  • Aztreonam
  • Bactrim
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25
Q

what is a small Gram negative rod with pili and polar flagella?

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa

26
Q

pseudomonas: drug of choice

A

Cipro

(ciprofloxacin)

27
Q

Alternative drug for Pseudomonas treatment,

if ciprofloxacin is unavailable?

A
  • 3rd gen cephalosporins
  • Aztreonam
  • Zosyn
  • Timentin
28
Q

how does Pseudomonas typically present?

A

blue-green purulence with grape-like odor

29
Q

what Gram negative spirochete causes Lyme disease?

A

borrelia burgdorferi

30
Q

lyme disease: drug of choice

A

doxycyline or Rocephin

31
Q

alternative drug for Lyme disease,

if doxycycline or Rocephin is unavailable?

A

amoxicillin

32
Q

bacteroides: drug of choice

A
  • Augmentin
  • Zosyn
  • Unasyn
  • Timentin
33
Q

Alternatives for Bacteroides if PCN allergy,

(alternatives to augmentin, zosyn, unasyn, and timentin)

A
  • clindamycin/Cipro
  • Primaxin
  • Flagyl
34
Q

what is a large, Gram positive, anaerobic, “racquet-shape” rod that forms spores?

A

clostridium perfringens

35
Q

clostridium: drug of choice

A
  • penicillin
  • imipenem
  • clindamycin
  • tetracycline
36
Q

what are two soft tissue clinical manifestations caused by Clostridium?

A

Anaerobic cellulitis and gas gangrene

37
Q

why is gas gangrene a surgical emergency?

A

It rapidly progresses to shock and renal failure and is fatal in 30% of cases

38
Q

aeromonas: drug of choice

alternative?

A

Cipro PO/IV

alternative: Bactrim

39
Q

pseudomonas cepacia: drug of choice

alternative?

A

doc: Bactrim
alternative: Ceftazidime

40
Q

necrotizing fasciitis: drug of choice

A

primaxin

41
Q

superficial thrombophlebitis: drug of choice

A

timentin

42
Q

gonorrhea: drug of choice

A

Ceftriaxone or PCN if sensitive

43
Q

cutaneous larva migrans: drug of choice

A

Promethia under occlusion

44
Q

What organisms may form gas in soft tissue?

A
  • Gram positive – Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Peptostreptococcus
  • Gram negative – Bacteroides, E. coli, Klebsiella, Serratia
45
Q

what are some anaerobes?

A
  • Gram positive – Actinomyces, Clostridium, Peptostreptococcus
  • Gram negative – Bacteroides, Fusobacterium
46
Q

patient with diabetes and a PCN allergy: drug of choice

A

clindamycin

47
Q

severe limb-threatening infection: drug of choice

A

Primaxin

48
Q

most common organisms of bite wounds?

A
  • Human – Eikenella corrodens
  • Cat and dog – Pasteurella multocida
49
Q

what is Gram negative rod is associated with dog bites?

A

DF-2

[Capnocytophaga canimorsus sp. nov. (formerly CDC group DF-2)]

50
Q

dog and cat bites: drug of choice

A

augmentin

51
Q

most common organisms causing cellulitis

A

Staph and Strep

52
Q

which type of Strep can cause impetigo, cellulitis, and erysipelas?

A

Group A Strep

53
Q

What is the difference between cellulitis and erysipelas?

A
  • Cellulitis – confined superficial infection
  • Erysipelas – superficial infection that extends into the lymphatics
54
Q

what is the most common organism that causes

acute hematogenous osteomyelitis?

A
  • Staphylococcus aureus (adults)
  • Gram negative rods (elderly)
55
Q

what is the most common organism that causes

osteomyelitis following a puncture wound?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

56
Q

what is an anaerobic Gram positive filamentous bacteria?

A

Actinomyces

57
Q

what organism may be found following a puncture wound in the ocean?

A

Vibrio vulnificus

58
Q

what type of bacteria is gonorrhea?

A

Gram negative diplococci

59
Q

what is gonorrhea cultured on?

A

Chocolate agar

60
Q

what is the treatment for gonorrhea?

A

Ceftriaxone

61
Q

if a patient is currently on an antibiotic,

how long should it be stopped before taking a wound culture?

A

At least 48 hours (if possible)

**2.Part II - Updated Crozer (17 decks)

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