3 - Cardiac Pathology Flashcards
(41 cards)
pathology of the heart which results in a reduction in cardiac output as a result of the hearts inadequacy as a pump, leads to reduced perfusion and increased congestion of tissue
congestive heart failure
2 types of congestive heart failure:
right-sided and left-sided
right sided failure-
results in pooling in _
right ventricle, atria, and venous system
right sided failure will affect _ and _
blood flow back from viscera and lymph return from tissue to the vasculature
pulmonary semilunar and tricuspid failure result in _-sided heart disease
right
_-sided failure elicits an autonomic response or renal implications
left
_-sided failure is more intense
left
left-sided failure results in decreased output to _
general circulation/body
left sided failure leads to increased _ pressure in left ventricle
end diastolic
with left sided failure, blood will back up to _
lungs, resulting in pulmonary edema
mitral or aortic semilunar valve failure leads to _-sided failure
left
manifestations of left-sided failure:
PULMONARY EDEMA cough dyspnea decreased exercise tolerance weight gain
as cardiac output decreases, we will see _ kick in to maintain normal cardiac output
compensatory mechanisms (compensated heart failure)
classic CHF:
- activation of _ division of ANS
- increase in heart rate and force of myocardial contraction
sympathetic
when compensate is loss, you will see _ heart failure
uncompensated
dec cardiac output = decreased renal blood flow,
= sodium _
= water _
= _ blood urea nitrogen levels
retention
retention
increased
reduced renal blood flow will result in activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism, resulting in _ sodium and water
more retention
pulmonary congestion will result in pulmonary _
interstitial edema
pulmonary edema caused from left side will increase pulmonary arterial resistance and may result in _
right sided failure
intermittent chest pain associated with myocardial ischemia
angina pectoris
episodic chest pain associated with exertion or stress, 75% narrowing of one coronary artery, pain is reduced with nitroglycerine
classic/typical angina
angina that occurs at rest or while sleeping, awakens person from sleep
variant angina
increased frequency of anginal pain, indicative of potentially irreversible myocardial infarction
unstable angina
areas of ischemic death or necrosis of the myocardial tissue
acute myocardial infarction/sudden cardiac death
