Infectious Disease

Question 1

an infectious disease is a form of a parasitic symbiotic relationship, meaning _

Answer 1

one organism, the host, is harmed and the pathogen benefits

Question 2

infectious disease accounts for
% of all acute disease
1/ of all office visits, 75% are respiratory
_th major cause of death in USA

Answer 2

65
1/3
5

Question 3

pathogenicity of microorganisms depends on (2) things?

Answer 3

virulence of microorganism

defense of the host

Question 4

inflammation is a host defense mechanism and is considered _, involving leuokocytes and chemical mediators

Answer 4

active

Question 5

innate immunity is _

physical barriers, non-specific phagocytosis by neutrophils and macrophages, pH

Answer 5

non-specific and not remembered

Question 6

organism that was contracted at hospital but is secondary to patient’s original condition

Answer 6

nosocomial infections

Question 7

infections that were contracted outside of health care facilities

Answer 7

community infections

Question 8

transmission from person to person by inanimate objects

Answer 8

fomite transmission

Question 9

parasitic disease: lice, mites, dermatomycosis are transmitted via _

Answer 9

direct contact (intact mucous membrane to infected tissue/fluid/fomite)

Question 10

STD, HPV, acanthoamoeba, and staph/streptococcus are transmitted via _

Answer 10

direct contact

Question 11

breaching of the epithelial carrier of the body (skin, m. membranes, digestive epith, cornea)

Answer 11

penetration wounds

Question 12

cuts through epithelium with sharp object, either contamination of cutting object or opportunistic from normal microflora

Answer 12

incision wounds

Question 13

most common bacteria for opportunistic incision infections

Answer 13

staph and strep

Question 14

wounds associated with tissue trauma and tissue necrosis

Answer 14

abrasions/lacerations/avulsions

Question 15

penetration of deeper tissue with closure of the surface of the wound with a clot

Answer 15

deep puncture wounds

Question 16

types of deep puncture wounds?

Answer 16

animal bites

• rabies (viral)
• gram neg or anaerobic bacteria

Question 17

most concerning inanimate object organism?

Answer 17

clostridium tetani (anaerobic)

Question 18

burrowing helminth larvae enter how?

Answer 18

penetrate skin

Question 19

first and second degree burns are _

blistering causing _ infections

Answer 19

superficial

staph aureus

Question 20

second and third degree burns are _

which organisms?

Answer 20

deep, necrosis

pseudomonas aeruginosa and gram negative

Question 21

ingested protozoa associated consuming meat/cats:
fecal contamination:
beaver fever:

Answer 21

toxoplasmosis
amebiasis
giardiasis

Question 22

water contamination:
_ virus
dysentery types:

Answer 22

polio

e. coli (travelers), cholera, entamoeba histolytica

Question 23

most common portal of entry?

airway is protected by secretions containing _

Answer 23

inhalation

IgE, leukocytes (neutrophils, macrophages, dust cells), enzymes

Question 24

particles including microbes less than _um go directly to alveoli

Answer 24

0.5

Question 25

5 stages of infectious disease?

Answer 25

1. incubation 2. prodromal 3. acute 4. convalescent 5. resolution

Question 26

when can occur anytime after _ period

Answer 26

incubation

Question 27

incubation period refers to:

Answer 27

initial contact to onset of manifestations

Question 28

prodromal period refers to:

Answer 28

initial appearance of symptoms

Question 29

acute period refers to:

Answer 29

when host feels maximum impact - most intense inflammatory response - rapid proliferation and dissemination

Question 30

convalescent period refers to:

Answer 30

containment of pathogen, beginning of elimination of pathogen and toxic materials, symptoms start to decrease

Question 31

resolution period refers to:

Answer 31

total elimination or just have containment and this is the beginning of a protracted chronic period w/o elimination

Question 32

organism is present by does not give rise to symptoms

Answer 32

subclinical

Question 33

when each stage has rapid and intense course especially the acute state, more often results in death

Answer 33

fulminating infection

Question 34

similar to subclinical but does give rise to symptoms, prodromal stage is protracted with minimal manifestations

Answer 34

insidious infection

Question 35

chronic infections lack which stage:

Answer 35

convalsecent

Question 36

prions: lack _ are _ resistant _ normal host protease

Answer 36

nucleic acid protease combine with

Question 37

prion diseases will show similar symptoms throughout species because:

Answer 37

all have affinity for neurons

Question 38

``` viral diseases: obligate _ depends on _ nucleic acid core and protein coat chronic or acute ```

Answer 38

intracellular pathogen | host's machinery for replication of self

Question 39

viruses can move out of cell with minimal damage or by _

Answer 39

lysis

Question 40

bacteria are _ lack _ cell wall of peptidoglycan

Answer 40

prokaryotic | membrane bound organelles

Question 41

_ penetrate cells secreting enzyme and grow from a central point and radiate out

Answer 41

hyphae

Question 42

budding fungi are often _

Answer 42

opportunistic

Question 43

fungi are either _ or _

Answer 43

external or superficial

Question 44

deep or systemic fungal infections are usually a problem in _ patients, carried into _ on dust

Answer 44

immune compromised, lungs and then spreads systemically

Question 45

mycoplasma are _ or all free-living organisms lack _ high degree of _

Answer 45

smallest cell wall resistance atypical penumonia

Question 46

chlamydia and rickettsia are obligate _ | _ causes corneal scarring/conjunctivits

Answer 46

intracellular | both