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Biology > 3 - Control of Gene Expression > Flashcards

3 - Control of Gene Expression Flashcards

1
Q

The Phenotyoe is…

A

Organism’s visible characteristics, due to the way in which the alleles express themselves (the genotype)

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2
Q

What is Gene Expression?

A

The way in which each gene is used to synthesise a specific protein

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3
Q

Transcription…

A

Synthesis of mRNA in the nucleus, from a section of the DNA, known as a gene

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4
Q

Translation…

A

Synthesis of a polypeptide (protein) under the direction of mRNA

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5
Q

What does RNA stand for?

A

Ribonucleic acid

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6
Q

How does RNA differ from DNA?

A

1) it is single stranded
2) it has ribose sugar, instead of deoxyribose
3) it has uracil in the place of thymine

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7
Q

rRNA is…

A

Ribosomal RNA

- combines with protein to form ribosomes

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8
Q

tRNA is…

A

Transfer RNA

  • provides link between mRNA and amino acids
  • contains anticodon, which joins with mRNA codon
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9
Q

What does RNA polymerase do?

A

Unzips DNA double helix at region of the Gene

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10
Q

What is the primary mRNA transcript?

A

The first stage of the mRNA molecule after it separates from the DNA in the nucleus

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11
Q

What is the mature mRNA transcript?

A

The final stage mRNA, once the introns have been removed (with the exons left)

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12
Q

Translation occurs in…

A

The ribosomes (and the surrounding cytoplasm)

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13
Q

Where is the amino acid attachment site?

A

The top of the tRNA molecule

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14
Q

What is an anticodon?

A

A triplet of exposed bases at the bottom of the tRNA molecule

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15
Q

What are codons?

A

Triplets of exposed bases on the mRNA molecule

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16
Q

What is the purpose of tRNA molecules?

A

To provide a link between the amino acids and the codons

17
Q

What is the purpose of the start codon?

A

It acts as a start point for the synthesis of a polypeptide chain

18
Q

What is the purpose of the stop codon?

A

It acts as a release point for free not the polypeptide chain from the ribosome

19
Q

What does the whole translation process require?

A

ATP (energy)

20
Q

What happens in alternative RNA splicing?

A

When different sections of the mRNA molecule are introns and exons, to code for different proteins

21
Q

The Genotype is…

A

Genetic makeup of an organism, determined by the DNA base sequence
(The way in which the alleles express themselves)

Biology (8 decks)

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