5 - Structure of the Genome

Question 1

What does an organism’s genome consist of?

Answer 1

All the genetic information encoded in the DNA of a complete set of its chromosomes

Question 2

In eukaryotic cells how much of the genome is composed of genes?

Answer 2

Only a tiny proportion, most of it is made up of DNA sequences that do not actually code for proteins

Question 3

What are activators?

Answer 3

Transcription factors that are located on non-coding regulator DNA sequences , at some distance from the coding genes. These assist RNA polymerase during transcription

Question 4

How do activators come in contact with other transcription factors to begin the process of transcription?

Answer 4

By the DNA strand bending, bringing them together

Question 5

What is a telomere?

Answer 5

A protective structure at each end of the chromosome made of repetitive DNA sequences, prevents the chromosome from fraying at the end