3- Developmental Approach Flashcards
(23 cards)
What does the developmental approach address?
Whether CP is dependent on colour language or if CP can exist in the absence of colour language
Who does the developmental approach study?
Pre-linguistic infants
What is the benefit of studying pre-linguistic infants?
Colour labelling strategies have not yet been influenced by language
Franklin and Davis (2004) participants
4-month-old infants who were pre-linguistic
What did Franklin & Davis (2004) look at?
Familiarisation- infants spend less time looking at a repeatedly presented stimulus and infants get bored from seeing the same thing
Franklin & Davis’s (2004) novelty preference method
Infants prefer looking at a novel stimulus rather than a habituated stimulus, when infants are presented with a different colour then a baby will look at a stimulus more if they recognise it as being a new colour category
Franklin and Davis’s (2004) findings
All babies habituated to a colour, babies continued looking at a within-category colour for less time, more trials meant less fixation time
How did Franklin and Davis’s (2004) study support universality?
The babies didn’t know language but still experienced categorical perception when crossing a boundary
Who did Franklin et al (2005) investigate?
English speaking toddlers and Himba speaking toddlers at the stage of colour term acquisition
What was the task in Franklin et al’s (2005) study?
A toy bear with a green jumper was presented and covered for 5 seconds, then presented with a new bear (3 conditions) and toddlers were asked if the bear is wearing a different jumper or the same
3 conditions of Franklin et al’s (2005) study
Green jumper, blue jumper, different shade of green jumper
How many toddlers in Franklin et al’s (2005) study gave a correct answer?
50%
What did Franklin et al’s (2005) study find?
Toddlers accuracy was much better if the jumper was of a different colour category, and they were much more able to recognise a colour change when it crosses a category
How did Franklin et al’s (2005) study support universality?
It didn’t matter what developmental stage children were at, and if linguistic relativism was supported then children who had learnt colour terms would have a different experience of categorical perception
Did Franklin et al (2005) find any differences between English and Himba speakers?
No differences, they experienced the same degree of categorical perception
Suggests that language doesn’t have an effect because Himba has fewer colour terms than English
3 stages of colour perception in Franklin et al’s (2005) study
Name boundary- toddlers able to identify and name colours like an adult
No name boundary- not yet learnt colour terms
Reverse name boundary- toddlers have learnt colour terms but are unable to use them consistently, are inconsistent or reverse at naming colours
Saji et al’s (2020) study
Asked 3-5-year-old Japanese infants to categorise colours and differentiate between colours, and compared these results to adults
Saji et al’s (2020) findings
5-year-olds were more highly attuned and able to act like adults when differentiating, and older children were more able to differentiate at a higher rate
How do Saji et al’s (2020) findings support ‘weak relativity’?
Suggest that language does influence perception but so do more factors
Conclusions from Saji et al (2020)
Infants become more adult-like across time
Development differs for different countries
We innately understand some basic colours
Study by Forbes and Plunkett (2020)
Calculated word frequency scores for colour terms in different countries
Findings from Forbes and Plunkett (2020)
Speakers of different languages develop the ability to use language terms at different rates- Italian children learn all colour terms earlier and quicker, whereas Russian/Norwegian speakers take longer to learn colour terms
Conclusion from Forbes and Plunkett (2020)
Even though we have innate categories, they differ by the nature of language
