#3 EXAM 305 Flashcards by Erica Terry

What should an Emergency plan include?

Response to casualties caused by crisis.
Plan to return to normal operations afterwards.
Evacuate/Escape plan.
Location of Emergency supplies.
Organizational skills.
Coordination of community researches.

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What does the CDC suggest for intervention?

Control of records of who comes in contact with infected patient
PPE
Hospital equipment dedicated and clean
Limit needle use/sharp objects
Avoid Aerosol-generating prodedures
Proper Hand Hygiene
Safe environment infection control techniques
Safe injection practices
Proper infection control precautions
Manage exposure to support hospital staff.

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What does the CDC categorize biological threats by?

Potential impact on public health.

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Category A: Describe it.

Easily transmitted, person to person, high mortality rate with potential for major public health impact. Might cause public health impact. Might cause public panic, social disruption and special action for public health preparedness.
EX:
Bacillus anthracis (Anthrax)
Clostridium botulisim toxin (Botulisim)
Ebola
Yersinia pestis (Plague)
Variola major (small pox)

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Category B: Describe it.

Moderately easy to disseminate moderate morbidity, decrease mortality.
EX:
Brucella species (brucellosis)
Coxiella brunette (Q fever)

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Category C: Describe it.

Emerging pathogens that could be engineered for mass dissemination because of availability ease of production and dissemination and their ease of production and dissemination and their increased potential for morbidity and mortality rates and major health impacts.
EX:
Hantaviruses
Nipah virus (NiV)
Yellow Fever.

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What is the nurses role in relation to biological agents, chemical substances, radiation that cause widespread harm or illness?

There are 4 of them:
1. Learn the signs/symptoms of the chemical/bio agent attack and treatment
2. Maintain current list of health/law enforcement contacts.
3. Obtain current knowledge of emerging management and assist in development of management plans.
4. Assist in development of management plans.

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What does SNS stand for

Strategic National Stockpile

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What does the SNS have a stockpile of?

Vaccines
Antibiotics
Medical and Surgical supplies and patient support supplies like bandages, airway, supplies, and IV equipment.

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What is the reason we don’t stockpile local hospitals, clinics and individuals?

The expiration dates.

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What are the bioterrorism attack agents?

Anthrax
Viral
Chemical
Ionizing

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What bacteria is responsible for Anthrax?

Bacillus Anthhracis

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Anthrax symptoms?

-Tissue Necrosis
-Swelling and Hemorrhage

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Treatment for Anthrax?

Ciprofloxacin (Abx)

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What are inhalation anthrax symptoms?

-Fever
-Cough
-Sob/Dyspnea

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Example of viral bio-terroist that are viral?

-Polio
-Small Pox
-Ebola

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Treatment for viral bioterrorists?

-Vaccines
-Viral agents are a real threat

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Examples of chemical bioterrosist?

Nerve Gasses, Blood agents, choking/Vomiting agents
Overstimulation by acetylcholine

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What is the antidote for nerve agents?

Atropine.

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4 examples of nerve agents?

Convulsations
Loss of consciousness
Salivation
Involuntary urination

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What are acute radiation syndrome symptoms?

-Nausea
-Vomiting
-Diarrhea
-Weight loss
-Anorexia
-Fatigue
-Bone Marrow Suppression

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Treatment for acute radiation syndrome?

-Potassium Iodine, Why?
It helps prevent Thyroid Cancer.

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Primary mineral for bone and joint formation?

Calcium

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Who is involved with the regulation of Calcium?

Parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, Vitamin D.

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How does the presence/Absence of Vitamin D affect calcium absorption?

Increase VIT D=Increase absorption Decrease VIT D=Decreased absorption

What is the inactive form of Vitamin D called?

Cholecalciferol

How does cholecalciferol interact with the skin?

-It's synthesized to form cholesterol.

Calcium ion influences the -----------of all neurons?

Excitability.

What other functions does calcium play in the body?

-Blood coagulation -Muscle Contraction

What is hypocalcemia?

Lack of dietary calcium or Vitamin D is a common cause.

Symptoms of hypocalcemia?

-Seizures -Confusion -Memory loss

Drug therapy for hypocalcemia

-Lasix -Bisphosphonates

Hypocalcemia therapy?

Calcium Salts

How to administer calcium salts?

-Give with meal or 1 hour after meal. -Administer slowly with IV calcium.

Side effects of Alendronate (Fosamax)

-Dyspepsia -N/V -Diarrhea -Muscle Spasms

What is Alendronate (Fosamax)?

-Inhibits bone reabsorption and used for Metabolic Bone disorders

Patient education for Alendronate?

-Encourage exercise -No caffeine/carbonation -Take with empty stomach and 1 glass of H20 -At least 30 before food, stay upright position for 30 minutes and until after 1st food of the day. -Diet must have Ca and VIT D -Follow up with DEXA scan. -

What is osteoarthritis?

Degenerative joint disease that breaks down articular cartilage.

What is rheumatoid arthritis?

Chronic and progressive disease causing inflammation of multiple joints, autoimmune.

Treatment of osteoarthritis?

NSAID'S

Risk of NSAID'S?

Increased risk of bleeding Risk for HTN development Risk of Hypercalcemia Increased risk for infection.

What is the goal of treatment for Rheumatoid Arthritis?

Decrease inflammation and pain. Increase of mobility.

What are DMARD'S?

Modifying anti-rheumatic drugs.

Is Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) Non Biologic? (T/F)

True

Is Adalimumab (Humira) Biological?

True

Adverse effects of Hydroxychloroquine?

-Retinopathy -Anorexia -N/V

Adverse effects of Adalimumab?

-Increase risk of serious infections -HF exacerbation.

Acute arthritis cause by uric acid accumulation in the body (blood and joints)

Gout.

Needle like uric acid crystals accumulate in the joint?

Acute gouty arthritis.

Symptoms of acute gouty arthritis?

-Pain -Redness -Inflammation -Attacks occur at night.

Triggers for gouty arthritis?

-Alcohol -Dehydration -Stress -Injury to joint -Fever -Drugs that cause gout attacks.

What are drugs that cause gout attacks?

-Thiazide diuretics -Asprin -Cyclosporine -EtOH

Pharmacotherapy for skin disorders?

-PO -Topical -Parenteral

What skin disorders need prolonged therapy?

-Eczema -Psoriasis -Dermatitis

What are the classifications of skin disorders?

-Infectious -Inflammatory -Neoplastic

Examples of infectious skin disorders?

1. Bacterial infections: Boils, Impetigo 2. Fungal infections: Ring Worm, Jock Itch. 3. Parasitic infections: Lice, tic, mite. 4. Viral infections: Herpes simplex, shingles, chicken pox, fever blisters.

Examples of inflammatory skin disorders?

Sun exposure injuries Overactive glands, increase hormone production, acne, rosacea, dermatitis, psoriasis (itch/cracks)

Examples of neoplastic?

Skin cancers: Squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma. Benign neoplasms: keratosis, keratoacanthoma

Ringworm of the scalp-fungal?

Tinea Capitis?

Tinea Capitis treatment?

OTC anti fungal drugs -Undecylenic acid.

Lice

-Need human blood -Lay egg-nits -Treated with permethrin

Permethrin, how does it work?

-Treatment for lice and mites -Leave on 10 minutes.

Permethrin teaching points?

-Itch can last 2-3 weeks after mites/lice. -Do not use if sensitive to chrysanthemums.

Disorder of hair and sebaceous glands that affect up to 80% of adolescents?

Acne vulgar

Pharmacotherapy goals for acne?

1.Inhibit sebaceous gland activity 2.Decrease bacterial colonization 3.Prevent follicles from becoming plugged with keratin 4.Decrease inflammation of lesions

Anti-Acne drug, Retinoid

Tretinoin (Avita)

Decreases inflammation and redness?

Doxycycline

What are the 3 types of Dermatitis?

1.Atopic dermatitis/Eczema 2.Contact dermatitis 3.Seborrheic dermatitis

What is Isotretinoin?

-Category X- Monitor patient for pregnancy -Vision checks every 6 months -Access lab value q2 month

Hypersensitive response?

Contact Dermatitis

Chronic, inflammatory skin disorder with genetic predisposition

Atopic dermatitis

Symptoms of Atopic dermatitis?

Family HX 75% had initial onset before 1 year of age

Symptoms of seborrheic dermatitis?

-Greasy scales affect scalp, central face and anterior chest.

Symptoms of contact dermatitis?

Exposure to allergens Varying degree of cracking/blisters.

What's the most effective way to treat itching dermatitis?

Topical corticosteroids (Glucocorticoids)

Low potency topical agents ( 2 of them)

-Dexamethasone -Hydrocortisone

Inflammation skin disorders of unknown etiology with lesions affecting mainly the face

Rosacea

What is rosacea exacerbated by?

-Sunlight -Stress -Temperature -Anything that dilates blood vessels including: Alcohol , spicy foods, skin care products, warm beverage.

Chronic inflammation skin disorder; red, raised patches of skin with flaky, tick, silver scales called plaques.

Psoriasis

Psoriasis triggers

-Stress -Smoking -Infections -ACE Inhibitors, beta blockers, tetracyclines, NSAIDS

Small papule or inflammatory bumps without pus that swell, thicken, and become painful

Rosacea

Requires long-term treatment and is most common form of this skin disorder?

Psoriasis Vulgaris

#3 EXAM 305 Flashcards

(83 cards)