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ET ABSN > #3 EXAM 305 > Flashcards

#3 EXAM 305 Flashcards

1
Q

What should an Emergency plan include?

A

Response to casualties caused by crisis.
Plan to return to normal operations afterwards.
Evacuate/Escape plan.
Location of Emergency supplies.
Organizational skills.
Coordination of community researches.

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2
Q

What does the CDC suggest for intervention?

A

Control of records of who comes in contact with infected patient
PPE
Hospital equipment dedicated and clean
Limit needle use/sharp objects
Avoid Aerosol-generating prodedures
Proper Hand Hygiene
Safe environment infection control techniques
Safe injection practices
Proper infection control precautions
Manage exposure to support hospital staff.

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3
Q

What does the CDC categorize biological threats by?

A

Potential impact on public health.

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4
Q

Category A: Describe it.

A

Easily transmitted, person to person, high mortality rate with potential for major public health impact. Might cause public health impact. Might cause public panic, social disruption and special action for public health preparedness.
EX:
Bacillus anthracis (Anthrax)
Clostridium botulisim toxin (Botulisim)
Ebola
Yersinia pestis (Plague)
Variola major (small pox)

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5
Q

Category B: Describe it.

A

Moderately easy to disseminate moderate morbidity, decrease mortality.
EX:
Brucella species (brucellosis)
Coxiella brunette (Q fever)

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6
Q

Category C: Describe it.

A

Emerging pathogens that could be engineered for mass dissemination because of availability ease of production and dissemination and their ease of production and dissemination and their increased potential for morbidity and mortality rates and major health impacts.
EX:
Hantaviruses
Nipah virus (NiV)
Yellow Fever.

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7
Q

What is the nurses role in relation to biological agents, chemical substances, radiation that cause widespread harm or illness?

A

There are 4 of them:
1. Learn the signs/symptoms of the chemical/bio agent attack and treatment
2. Maintain current list of health/law enforcement contacts.
3. Obtain current knowledge of emerging management and assist in development of management plans.
4. Assist in development of management plans.

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8
Q

What does SNS stand for

A

Strategic National Stockpile

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9
Q

What does the SNS have a stockpile of?

A

Vaccines
Antibiotics
Medical and Surgical supplies and patient support supplies like bandages, airway, supplies, and IV equipment.

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10
Q

What is the reason we don’t stockpile local hospitals, clinics and individuals?

A

The expiration dates.

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11
Q

What are the bioterrorism attack agents?

A
  1. Anthrax
  2. Viral
  3. Chemical
  4. Ionizing
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12
Q

What bacteria is responsible for Anthrax?

A

Bacillus Anthhracis

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13
Q

Anthrax symptoms?

A

-Tissue Necrosis
-Swelling and Hemorrhage

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14
Q

Treatment for Anthrax?

A

Ciprofloxacin (Abx)

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15
Q

What are inhalation anthrax symptoms?

A

-Fever
-Cough
-Sob/Dyspnea

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16
Q

Example of viral bio-terroist that are viral?

A

-Polio
-Small Pox
-Ebola

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17
Q

Treatment for viral bioterrorists?

A

-Vaccines
-Viral agents are a real threat

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18
Q

Examples of chemical bioterrosist?

A

Nerve Gasses, Blood agents, choking/Vomiting agents
Overstimulation by acetylcholine

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19
Q

What is the antidote for nerve agents?

A

Atropine.

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20
Q

4 examples of nerve agents?

A
  1. Convulsations
  2. Loss of consciousness
  3. Salivation
  4. Involuntary urination
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21
Q

What are acute radiation syndrome symptoms?

A

-Nausea
-Vomiting
-Diarrhea
-Weight loss
-Anorexia
-Fatigue
-Bone Marrow Suppression

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22
Q

Treatment for acute radiation syndrome?

A

-Potassium Iodine, Why?
It helps prevent Thyroid Cancer.

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23
Q

Primary mineral for bone and joint formation?

A

Calcium

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24
Q

Who is involved with the regulation of Calcium?

A

Parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, Vitamin D.

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25
Q

How does the presence/Absence of Vitamin D affect calcium absorption?

A

Increase VIT D=Increase absorption
Decrease VIT D=Decreased absorption

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26
Q

What is the inactive form of Vitamin D called?

A

Cholecalciferol

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27
Q

How does cholecalciferol interact with the skin?

A

-It’s synthesized to form cholesterol.

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28
Q

Calcium ion influences the ———–of all neurons?

A

Excitability.

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29
Q

What other functions does calcium play in the body?

A

-Blood coagulation
-Muscle Contraction

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30
Q

What is hypocalcemia?

A

Lack of dietary calcium or Vitamin D is a common cause.

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31
Q

Symptoms of hypocalcemia?

A

-Seizures
-Confusion
-Memory loss

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32
Q

Drug therapy for hypocalcemia

A

-Lasix
-Bisphosphonates

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33
Q

Hypocalcemia therapy?

A

Calcium Salts

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34
Q

How to administer calcium salts?

A

-Give with meal or 1 hour after meal.
-Administer slowly with IV calcium.

35
Q

Side effects of Alendronate (Fosamax)

A

-Dyspepsia
-N/V
-Diarrhea
-Muscle Spasms

36
Q

What is Alendronate (Fosamax)?

A

-Inhibits bone reabsorption and used for Metabolic Bone disorders

37
Q

Patient education for Alendronate?

A

-Encourage exercise
-No caffeine/carbonation
-Take with empty stomach and 1 glass of H20
-At least 30 before food, stay upright position for 30 minutes and until after 1st food of the day.
-Diet must have Ca and VIT D
-Follow up with DEXA scan.
-

38
Q

What is osteoarthritis?

A

Degenerative joint disease that breaks down articular cartilage.

39
Q

What is rheumatoid arthritis?

A

Chronic and progressive disease causing inflammation of multiple joints, autoimmune.

40
Q

Treatment of osteoarthritis?

A

NSAID’S

41
Q

Risk of NSAID’S?

A

Increased risk of bleeding
Risk for HTN development
Risk of Hypercalcemia
Increased risk for infection.

42
Q

What is the goal of treatment for Rheumatoid Arthritis?

A

Decrease inflammation and pain. Increase of mobility.

43
Q

What are DMARD’S?

A

Modifying anti-rheumatic drugs.

44
Q

Is Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) Non Biologic? (T/F)

A

True

45
Q

Is Adalimumab (Humira) Biological?

A

True

46
Q

Adverse effects of Hydroxychloroquine?

A

-Retinopathy
-Anorexia
-N/V

47
Q

Adverse effects of Adalimumab?

A

-Increase risk of serious infections
-HF exacerbation.

48
Q

Acute arthritis cause by uric acid accumulation in the body (blood and joints)

A

Gout.

49
Q

Needle like uric acid crystals accumulate in the joint?

A

Acute gouty arthritis.

50
Q

Symptoms of acute gouty arthritis?

A

-Pain
-Redness
-Inflammation
-Attacks occur at night.

51
Q

Triggers for gouty arthritis?

A

-Alcohol
-Dehydration
-Stress
-Injury to joint
-Fever
-Drugs that cause gout attacks.

52
Q

What are drugs that cause gout attacks?

A

-Thiazide diuretics
-Asprin
-Cyclosporine
-EtOH

53
Q

Pharmacotherapy for skin disorders?

A

-PO
-Topical
-Parenteral

54
Q

What skin disorders need prolonged therapy?

A

-Eczema
-Psoriasis
-Dermatitis

55
Q

What are the classifications of skin disorders?

A

-Infectious
-Inflammatory
-Neoplastic

56
Q

Examples of infectious skin disorders?

A
  1. Bacterial infections: Boils, Impetigo
  2. Fungal infections: Ring Worm, Jock Itch.
  3. Parasitic infections: Lice, tic, mite.
  4. Viral infections: Herpes simplex, shingles, chicken pox, fever blisters.
57
Q

Examples of inflammatory skin disorders?

A

Sun exposure injuries
Overactive glands, increase hormone production, acne, rosacea, dermatitis, psoriasis (itch/cracks)

58
Q

Examples of neoplastic?

A

Skin cancers: Squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma.
Benign neoplasms: keratosis, keratoacanthoma

59
Q

Ringworm of the scalp-fungal?

A

Tinea Capitis?

60
Q

Tinea Capitis treatment?

A

OTC anti fungal drugs
-Undecylenic acid.

61
Q

Lice

A

-Need human blood
-Lay egg-nits
-Treated with permethrin

62
Q

Permethrin, how does it work?

A

-Treatment for lice and mites
-Leave on 10 minutes.

63
Q

Permethrin teaching points?

A

-Itch can last 2-3 weeks after mites/lice.
-Do not use if sensitive to chrysanthemums.

64
Q

Disorder of hair and sebaceous glands that affect up to 80% of adolescents?

A

Acne vulgar

65
Q

Pharmacotherapy goals for acne?

A

1.Inhibit sebaceous gland activity
2.Decrease bacterial colonization
3.Prevent follicles from becoming plugged with keratin
4.Decrease inflammation of lesions

66
Q

Anti-Acne drug, Retinoid

A

Tretinoin (Avita)

67
Q

Decreases inflammation and redness?

A

Doxycycline

68
Q

What are the 3 types of Dermatitis?

A

1.Atopic dermatitis/Eczema
2.Contact dermatitis
3.Seborrheic dermatitis

69
Q

What is Isotretinoin?

A

-Category X- Monitor patient for pregnancy
-Vision checks every 6 months
-Access lab value q2 month

70
Q

Hypersensitive response?

A

Contact Dermatitis

71
Q

Chronic, inflammatory skin disorder with genetic predisposition

A

Atopic dermatitis

72
Q

Symptoms of Atopic dermatitis?

A

Family HX
75% had initial onset before 1 year of age

73
Q

Symptoms of seborrheic dermatitis?

A

-Greasy scales affect scalp, central face and anterior chest.

74
Q

Symptoms of contact dermatitis?

A

Exposure to allergens
Varying degree of cracking/blisters.

75
Q

What’s the most effective way to treat itching dermatitis?

A

Topical corticosteroids (Glucocorticoids)

76
Q

Low potency topical agents ( 2 of them)

A

-Dexamethasone
-Hydrocortisone

77
Q

Inflammation skin disorders of unknown etiology with lesions affecting mainly the face

A

Rosacea

78
Q

What is rosacea exacerbated by?

A

-Sunlight
-Stress
-Temperature
-Anything that dilates blood vessels including: Alcohol , spicy foods, skin care products, warm beverage.

79
Q

Chronic inflammation skin disorder; red, raised patches of skin with flaky, tick, silver scales called plaques.

A

Psoriasis

80
Q

Psoriasis triggers

A

-Stress
-Smoking
-Infections
-ACE Inhibitors, beta blockers, tetracyclines, NSAIDS

81
Q

Small papule or inflammatory bumps without pus that swell, thicken, and become painful

A

Rosacea

82
Q

Requires long-term treatment and is most common form of this skin disorder?

A

Psoriasis Vulgaris

83
Q
A

ET ABSN (4 decks)

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