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Sociology - Theories > 3. Feminism > Flashcards

3. Feminism Flashcards

1
Q

The patriarchy

A

It’s where institutional power is controlled by men and run in their interests

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2
Q

Public and private life

A

Public life includes work, the government and political parties
Private life includes family life, personal relationships and domestic responsibilities

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3
Q

What parts of life are men and women traditionally associated with?

A

Men traditionally associated with public spheres
Women traditionally restricted to private roles like housewives and mothers

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4
Q

Why does sexual inequality exist according to feminists?

A

Because the sexual division of labour is seen as natural rather than socially constructed

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5
Q

Liberal feminism: key feminist

A

Oakley

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6
Q

Liberal feminism: critic of Parsons

A

Criticise Parsons’ theory of gender roles, believing both men and women can take up expressive and instrumental roles

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7
Q

Liberal feminism: who benefits from existing inequalities?

A

No one

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8
Q

Liberal feminism: what view do they take to society? What does this mean?

A

Take a march of progress view to society, believing it’s gradually leading to more rational views towards gender through advancements such as anti-discriminatory laws and policies as well as changes in attitudes

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9
Q

Liberal feminism: view of the Enlightenment Project

A

Praise the Enlightenment Project as it resulted in a better understanding of women’s oppression

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10
Q

Liberal feminism: positive evaluation

A

Liberal feminism has led to reform in areas like equal pay and media representations of gender

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11
Q

Liberal feminism: negative evaluation (3)

A

Radical and Marxist feminists believe liberal feminists fail to take account for deeper structural inequalities
Difference feminists believe liberal feminism is based mainly on the experiences of m/c women
March of progress view may be overly optimistic

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12
Q

Radical feminism: key feminist

A

Firestone

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13
Q

Radical feminism: origin of the patriarchy according to Firestone

A

Origin of patriarchy lies in women’s biological capacity and care for infants as this role makes them dependent on males

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14
Q

Radical feminism: who dominates and rules society?

A

Men dominate society and are the ruling class

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15
Q

Radical feminism: men and the patriarchy

A

All men benefit from and reinforce the patriarchy

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16
Q

Radical feminism: what is the main source of women’s oppression?

A

The nuclear family

17
Q

Radical feminism: who said that rape, violence and pornography are methods men use to secure and maintain their power over women?

A

Dworkin

18
Q

Radical feminism: political lesbianism

A

Some radical feminists turn lesbian as they see heterosexual relationships as sleeping with the enemy

19
Q

Radical feminism: negative evaluation (4)

A

Marxists believe class is primary cause of inequality and that it’s the main source of women’s oppression
Assumes all women are in the same position, ignoring class and ethnic differences
Focuses too much on negative experiences of women
Accused of being a man-hating theory

20
Q

Marxist feminism: how do they criticise radical feminsits?

A

They believe capitalism is the cause of women’s oppression

21
Q

Marxist feminism: key feminst

A

Barret

22
Q

Marxist feminism: why do women marry into oppressive families according to Barret?

A

Because of an ideology in modern society that oppression is a natural and normal position for women

23
Q

Marxist feminism: how do women play an important role for capitalism?

A

They reproduce the workforce and keep their husbands working

24
Q

Marxist feminism: what makes women disadvantaged in society?

A

Their lack of control over the means of production

25
Q

Marxist feminism: how will gender inequalities disappear?

A

If there is a shift to a communist society

26
Q

Marxist feminism: negative evaluation (2)

A

Fails to explain why women in non-capitalist societies still experience oppression
Fails to explain how men benefit from women’s oppression

27
Q

Difference feminism: criticism of all other branches of feminism

A

They see all women as equal

28
Q

Difference feminism: why can’t the same ideologies be applied to all women?

A

Because women can have extremely different lives and thus different needs

29
Q

Difference feminism: key difference feminist

A

Butler

30
Q

Difference feminism: what causes oppression according to Butler?

A

Discourses (ways of thinking, speaking and seeing) cause oppression

31
Q

Difference feminism: what is Butler critical of in terms of feminism?

A

Critical of the way that white western m/c women have taken over feminism

32
Q

Difference feminism: negative evaluation (3)

A

Ignores similarities between women
Social change becomes more difficult when women are divided
Oppression isn’t only a result of discourse

33
Q

Who came up with 6 patriarchal structures which restrict women and maintain male domination?

A

Walby

34
Q

Walby’s 6 patriarchal structures which restrict women and maintain male domination (PPPSMS)

A

Paid work
Patriarchal relations within the household
Patriarchal culture (objectification and gender discrimination)
Sexuality (sex double standard)
Male violence towards women
State has little care for women

35
Q

How to improve society: liberal feminism

A

Challenge stereotypes

36
Q

How to improve society: radical feminism

A

Separationism and political lesbianism

37
Q

How to improve society: Marxist feminism

A

Revolution to overthrow capitalism

38
Q

How to improve society: difference feminism

A

Gender-free discourse should be introduced

39
Q

Key feminists of all branches of feminism

A

Liberal - Oakley
Radical - Firestone
Marxist - Barret
Difference - Butler

Sociology - Theories (8 decks)

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