3. Gas Exchange, Respiration Etc

Question 1

Organelle

Answer 1

A specialised unit within a cell which performs a specific function

Question 2

Cells

Answer 2

Basic building blocks of all living organisms

Question 3

Tissue

Answer 3

Group of cells working together to perform a function with a similar structure

Question 4

Organs

Answer 4

Group of different tissues, work together, perform specific functions

Question 5

Systems

Answer 5

Group of organs with related functions, work together, perform certain functions

Question 6

What does anaerobic respiration produce

Answer 6

Lactic acid

Question 7

What does aerobic respiration use

Answer 7

Oxygen and glucose

Question 8

What does anaerobic respiration contribute to

Answer 8

Muscle tiredness

Question 9

What happens to the glucose in anaerobic respiration

Answer 9

Not completely broken down

Question 10

How is energy released in both respiration types

Answer 10

Per glucose molecule

Question 11

Aerobic respiration word equation

Answer 11

Glucose+ oxygen—> carbon dioxide+water

Question 12

Aerobic respiration balanced chemical equation

Answer 12

C6H12O6+602—>6CO2+6H2O

Question 13

Glucose chemical equation

Answer 13

C6H1206

Question 14

Anaerobic respiration in animals word equation

Answer 14

Glucose—>lactic acid

Question 15

Anaerobic respiration in plants and fungi word equation

Answer 15

Glucose—>carbon dioxide+ethanol

Question 16

Process of respiration produces what

Answer 16

ATP in organisms

Question 17

What does ATP do

Answer 17

Provides energy for cells

Question 18

Where does gas exchange occur in plants

Answer 18

Stomata in leaves

Question 19

Broad leaves

Answer 19

Large surface area for diffusion

Question 20

Air spaces in leaves

Answer 20

Gases can move easily and increases surface area for gas exchange

Question 21

What do guard cells in leaves do

Answer 21

Control opening and closing of stomata

Question 22

4 Alveoli adaptations for gas exchange

Answer 22

Large surface area, moist, good blood supply, thin walls

Question 23

How thin are alveoli walls

Answer 23

One cell thick

Question 24

Trachea

Answer 24

Carries air to lungs

Question 25

What does the trachea have

Answer 25

Incomplete rings of cartalige and mucus cells and cilia

Question 26

Pleural membrane

Answer 26

Forms a seal around the lungs

Question 27

Bronchi

Answer 27

Carries air from trachea to lungs

Question 28

Bronchioles

Answer 28

Carries air to alveoli

Question 29

Alveoli

Answer 29

Tiny air sacs adapted for gas exchange

Question 30

Ribs

Answer 30

Bones that protect and ventilate lungs

Question 31

Intercostal muscles

Answer 31

Inhalation: contract and move ribs up and out Exhalation: relax and mive ribs down and in

Question 32

Diaphragm

Answer 32

Domed sheet of muscle Inhalation: contract and move down Exhalation: relax and move up

Question 33

Two parts of the breathing system where the chemicals in smoke can destroy the cilia

Answer 33

Trachea and bronchi

Question 34

Effect of damaged cilia

Answer 34

Cilia become paralysed and can’t waft mucus

Question 35

Smokers cough explanation

Answer 35

- smoke irritates airway linings - cells make more mucus - airway is blocked more

Question 36

What can cause bronchitis

Answer 36

Irritations in airway and infections from bacteria in mucus

Question 37

Effect of bronchitis

Answer 37

Blocks normal airflow so it is difficult to breathe

Question 38

Emphysema symptoms

Answer 38

Not enough oxygen so difficult to carry out mild exercise

Question 39

Emphysema explained

Answer 39

- smoke damages alveoli walls - walls break down and fuse together - creates enlarged, irregular air spaces - reduces surface area for gas exchange so less oxygen to diffuse into the blood

Question 40

What is a carcinogen

Answer 40

Cancer causing chemical

Question 41

Tumour

Answer 41

When cells mutate and start to divide uncontrollably

Question 42

Carbon monoxide binds with haemoglobin

Answer 42

Carboxyhemoglobin

Question 43

Carbon monoxide effect on blood

Answer 43

Binds to haemoglobin and Inhibits ability of RBCs to carry O2

Question 44

Disease caused by carbon monoxide poisoning

Answer 44

Heart disease