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SF1 - Test 1 > 3 - Hatcher - Neurohistology > Flashcards

3 - Hatcher - Neurohistology Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

Location of Neuronal Cell Bodies: CNS

A

Gray matter

Deep nuclei

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2
Q

Location of Neuronal Cell Bodies: PNS

A

Ganglia

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3
Q

Ganglia

A

Collection of nervous cell bodies outside central nervous system

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4
Q

Location of Neuronal Axons: CNS

A

White matter

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5
Q

Location of Neuronal Axons: PNS

A

Nerves

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6
Q

Supporting Cells: CNS

A

Astrocytes

Oligodendrocytes

Microglia

Ependymal Cells

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7
Q

Supporting Cells: PNS

A

Schwanna Cells

Satellite Cells

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8
Q

What are the conducting cells of the nervous system?

Non-conducting (support)?

A

Conducting = Neurons

Non-conductin = all the support cells

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9
Q

Where does the action potential start?

A

Axon Hillock

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10
Q

Myelinators of CNS / PNS?

A

CNS - Oligodendrocytes (multiple)

PNS - Schwann Cells (single)

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11
Q

What is implicated as defective in multiple sclerosis?

A

Myelination; Oligodendrocytes / Schwann Cells

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12
Q

Nissl Bodies

A

Large granulous body found in neurons; protein synthesis

Rough endopolasmic reticulum/Polyribosomes

Found in Soma / Dendrites, not Axon

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13
Q

Lipofuscin

A

Lipid filled breakdown product of lysosomes, may be a sign of cellular degradation

Found in soma

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14
Q

Dendritic Spines

A

Increase surface area for synapses

Important in neural plasticity–dynamic

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15
Q

Axonal Transport - Anterograde

A

Soma to Axon

Kinesin

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16
Q

Axonal Transport - Retrograde

A

Axon to Soma

Dynein

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17
Q

What is the most common target for pharmaceuticals in the neural interaction?

A

Synapse

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18
Q
A

Arrows = Syntaptic clefts

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19
Q

What will differentiate between pre, post synaptic vessicle on imagery?

A

Prescence of vessicles = pre

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20
Q

What type of neurons are motor neurons and interneurons?

(most common neuron and interneuron)

A

Multipolar neuron

Many dendrites

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21
Q

What type of neuron are many special sensory neurons (vision, olfaction, hearing)?

A

Bipolar

Single long dendrite and axon

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22
Q

Pseudo Unipolar Neuron

Peripheral process vs Central process

Where are cell bodies clustered?

A

Single, long axon

Periphery = from the periphery

Central = to the CNS

Cell bodies are grouped in root ganglia

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23
Q

Type?

Functions?

A

Astocytes

Types: Fibrous = white matter, Protoplasmic = gray matter

Functions:

  1. Blood-brain barrier (protective)
  2. Nutritional support, uptake neurotransmitters, regulate extracellular [Ion}
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24
Q

Functions?

A

Ependymal Cells

Line the ventricles of the brain and central canal of the spinal cord

produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Ends have cilia and microvilli

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25
Functions? What are these derived from?
Microglia -- resident **macrophage** Immune surveillance Derived from **monocytes**, circulate to brain, and stay. Over activation = bad
26
Oligodendrocytes
Small cell with cytoplasmic extensions, **myelinates axons in the CNS** ## Footnote **Can myelinate multiple internodes of multiple neurons**
27
Schwann Cells
Wraps **one** internode of **one** neuron Many layers, cytoplasm is squeezed out
28
How are unmyelinated small diameter axons supported? What is major difference?
Either in trunks or networks, still by Schwann Cells Unmyelinated Schwann Cells will be single layer, and have cytoplasm. Myelinated are many layers, with the cytoplasm squeezed out.
29
What is the normal order for nerve repair following injury?
1. Distal fiber degenerates, macrophage removes debris 2. Muscle fibers atrophy, Axon grows, protected by cord of Schwann Cells 3. Never regenerated, innervation of muscle restored
30
Gray Matter and White Matter Organization in CNS Brain vs Spinal Cord
Brain - Gray Out, White In Spinal Cord - White Out, Gray In
31
Gray Matter
Cell bodies of dendrites and neurons Glia
32
White Matter
Myelinated axons of neurons Glia
33
Meninges
Connective tissue membranes that wrap the brain and spinal cord
34
Dura Mater Two layers?
Outermost and toughest CT membrane, double layer. 1. Periosteal Layer: Attached to bone of skull, trauma may cause epidural hematoma 2. Meningeal Layer: Separate to form walls of **dural sinus**, and rejoin to form **dural fold** (two layers of meningeal layer)
35
What is formed when lperiosteal and meningeal layers separate? What separates the L/R brain?
Venous sinus Dural Fold
36
Arachnoid Mater
Middle layer CSF beneath
37
Subarachnoid Space
Layer between arachnoid and pia mater, **contains CSF**
38
Pia Mater
Bottom later of meninges, highly vascularized, goes with folds, 1-cell thick
39
Cerebral Cortex
Gray matter, outer layer Organized into first **6 layers--_main output layer is 5_** Pyramid Shape cells
40
Cerebral cortex
41
Layers of Cerebellar Cortex
Molecular Purkinje Granular
42
What is the entry and exit of nerves in the spinal cord?
Posterior: Dorsal Horn - Somatosensory Neurons **(sensory - back)** Anterior: Ventral Horn - Somatomotor Neurons **(motor - front)**
43
N = motor neurons T = tracts of axons
44
Connective Tissue Covering Nerves in PNS: Superficial to Deep (Out to In)
Epineurium (entire nerve) Perineurium (bundles - fascicles) Endoneurium (individual axon)
45
Sensory ganglion
46
Sympathetic Ganglia
47
Meissner's | (Tactile Corpuscles)
Light touch, texture
48
Pacinian | (Lamella Corpuscles)
Deep pressure, vibration, stretch
49
Left = Meissner (Tactile) Right = Pacinian (Lamellar)
50
Filiform Papillae
Smallest, most numberous w/keratinized tips ## Footnote **Not for tasting** **Cats cleaning bristle tongue\***
51
Fungiform Papillae
Mushroom shaped, scattered. ## Footnote **Taste buds**
52
Circumvallate Papillae
Directly anterior to sulcus terminalis (V) ## Footnote **Taste buds in lateral aspects**
53
Foliate papillae
Posterolatero aspect of tongue, **taste**, but not well developed in humans
54
55
Taste Bud contents
Epithelial derived **taste receptor cells** Supporting **sustentacular cells** **Basal cells** at bottom
56
What is first contact in tastebuds?
Receptor Cells--not with neuron
57
Olfactory Epithelium
Upper 1/3 of the nasal cavith, has **bipolar neurons**, for transmission of odor molecules Cranial Nerve 1
58
Cribriform Plate
Holes in this structure of the ethmoid bone allow **bipolar olfactory sensory neurons to move through bone to the synapse with neurons in the olfactory bulb**
59
Olfactory Epithelium
60

SF1 - Test 1 (7 decks)

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