3. Inflammation + Infection + Immunology

Question 1

Monotrichous flagella have what?

Answer 1

One flagella

Question 2

Peritrichous flagella have what?

Answer 2

Loads of flagella everywhere

Question 3

Lopotrichous flagella have what?

Answer 3

flagella on one side of bacteria

Question 4

Amphitrichous flagella have what?

Answer 4

Flagella on both sides

Question 5

Capsule is made from what

Answer 5

polysacharides

Question 6

Endospores are what

Answer 6

metabolically inert form of bacteria

Question 7

gram positive =

Answer 7

Blue / purple

–> Staph / Strepto

Question 8

Gram negative =

Answer 8

Red / pink

Question 9

Binary replication occurs through what type of gene transfer

Answer 9

vertical

Question 10

Acquisition replication occurs through what type of gene transfer

Answer 10

Horizontal

Question 11

Ringworm // Atheletes foot // Aspergilliosis

are all what type of fungi

Answer 11

Fillamentous moulds

Question 12

Microbiota definition

Answer 12

All organisms in a community

Question 13

Microbiome

Answer 13

All genes present within microbiota

Question 14

What type of bacteria is typical in mouth

what do they do that cause damage to teeth

Answer 14

Oral streptococci

sugars –> lactic acid

Question 15

What type of bacteria are generally found in the large GI system

Answer 15

anaerobic = 95-99%

Question 16

virulence

Answer 16

Degree to which can cause disease

Question 17

Pneumococcal surface protein A does what

Answer 17

prevent complement mediated killing

Question 18

Hyaluronidase + streptokinase do what that are released from s.pyogenes

Answer 18

break down BM to allow entry

Question 19

90% of leg ulcers originate from what

Answer 19

Vascular cause

–> 70% venous cause

Question 20

Where is the gaiter area of the leg?

Answer 20

-

Question 21

Lopodermatosclerosis is what

Answer 21

Inflam. skin condition = increase in leukocytes = increased collagen production = Fibrosis of subcutaenous fat

Question 22

Aterial ulcers are most associated with what

Answer 22

PVD

Question 23

50% of pyoderma gangerenosum have what cause

Answer 23

dont have cause lol

Question 24

5 Cardinal signs

Answer 24

Heat / pain / swelling / redness / loss of function

Question 25

What type of protein production is found in Acute Inflam.

Answer 25

Excudate

Question 26

What two substances are generally found in Acute Inflam./

Answer 26

Histamine + NO

Question 27

What is thee type of movement that neutrophils use to enter BM

Answer 27

Amoeboid migration

Question 28

Histamine // PG // Leukotrines // Cytokines are all found in what?

Answer 28

Acute Inflam.

Question 29

Pyrexia in AI is caused by what

Answer 29

macrophages + polymorphs released cytokines => hypothalamus

Question 30

Microglia // Kupferr // osteoclasts are all type of what

Answer 30

Macrophages

Question 31

Granuloma definition

Answer 31

collection of activated epithelioid macrophages

Question 32

Type 1 is mediated by what? What is associated with it

Answer 32

IgE + MC + Basophil degranulation = histamine release Penicillin

Question 33

Type 2 is what? What syndrome associated with it ?

Answer 33

IgG/M to against self / foreign antigen = > complement Good pasture syndrome

Question 34

Type 3 is what? what syndrome associated with it?

Answer 34

Immune complex deposition SLE

Question 35

Type 4 is what? What is associated with it?

Answer 35

Delayed type (T cell toxicicity) Contact dermatitis (metals / TB / poison ivy)

Question 36

Tryptase is used as a marker for what

Answer 36

Anaphylaxis

Question 37

Chlorhexidine anaphylaxis causes what

Answer 37

Peri-op anaphylaxis

Question 38

Direct oral challenge involves what?

Answer 38

Giving drug despite them saying they are "allergic"

Question 39

What vitamins are stored in the liver

Answer 39

A D B12 Iron

Question 40

What zone hepatocytes contain drug metabolising hepatocytes

Answer 40

Zone 3

Question 41

Failure to detoxify nitrogenous compounds =>

Answer 41

Hepatic encephalopathy => Coma

Question 42

What are the 2 major pathways involved in paracetamol excretion

Answer 42

Sulphate + Glucuronide Conjugation

Question 43

CYP2E1 + CYP1A2 form what toxic metabolite when breaking down paracetamol

Answer 43

NAPQI

Question 44

N-Acetyl cysteine is used in what? What does it bind to?

Answer 44

Paracetamol overdose -> Broken down to glutathione to bind to NAPQI

Question 45

primary granulomatous disease that affects the intestines

Answer 45

Crohns

Question 46

Is the spleen a secondary lymph organ

Answer 46

yes

Question 47

Thymic aplasia leading to lack of T-cells

Answer 47

DiGeorge

Question 48

In a healthy individual, an area of the body in where you would likely detect colonisation with Staphylococcus aureus?

Answer 48

nose

Question 49

Type III hypersensitivity disease affecting kidneys

Answer 49

nephritis

Question 50

CCP is seen as an AB for what disease

Answer 50

RA