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Anatomy Section 6 > 3 – Kidney + Renal Tubule > Flashcards

3 – Kidney + Renal Tubule Flashcards

1
Q

What animals have unilobar kidneys?

A

-carnivores
-horses

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2
Q

What animals have multipolar kidneys?

A

-ox
-pig
*lack renal pelvis

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3
Q

Kidney cortex has 2 parts:

A

-cortical labyrinth
-medullary ray

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4
Q

Cortical labyrinth (cortex):

A

-contains convoluted tubules (proximal and distal)
-renal corpuscles

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5
Q

Medullary ray (cortex):

A

-contains straight tubules (proximal and distal) and collecting ducts

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6
Q

Kidney medulla:

A

-outer zone: subdivided in outer and inner stripes
-inner zone: deepest region

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7
Q

Outer stripe of outer medulla contains:

A

-straight tubules (proximal and distal)
-collecting ducts

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8
Q

Inner strip of outer medulla contains:

A

-descending thin tubules
-distal straight tubules
-collecting ducts

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9
Q

Inner medulla contains:

A

-thin tubules (descending and ascending)
-collecting ducts

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10
Q

Nephron:

A

-structural and functional unit of kidney
-no new ones are formed after renal maturity (several weeks after birth)

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11
Q

How many nephrons are there in dogs AND cats?

A

-dogs: 400,000
-cats: 200,000

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12
Q

Nephron classification based on location: (3)

A

-superficial
-mid-cortical
-juxtramedullary

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13
Q

Nephron classification based on length (2):

A

-short-looped
-long-looped

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14
Q

Dog and cats nephrons:

A

-only have long-looped nephrons

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15
Q

Beaver nephrons:

A

-only have short-looped nephrons

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16
Q

Cortical nephrons in pigs:

A

-short-looped nephrons that turn in the medullary rays

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17
Q

What makes up a renal tubule?

A

-classical nephron + collecting duct

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18
Q

What are the parts of a renal tubule?

A

-renal corpuscle
-proximal convoluted tubule
-proximal straight tubule (thick descending loop)
-thin tubules (descending and ascending=thin descending and ascending loop)
-distal straight tubule (thick ascending loop)
-distal convoluted tubule
-arched collecting duct (=connecting tubule)
-collecting duct

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19
Q

Renal corpuscle:

A

-glomerulus & Bowman’s capsule
-located in cortical labyrinth

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20
Q

What is the diameter of the renal corpuscle in cats AND horse?

A

-cats: 120 micrometers
-horse: 200 micrometers

21
Q

What are the 3 parts of the glomerulus?

A

-capillary tuft (glomerular rete)
-mesangium
-glomerular basement membrane

22
Q

Capillary tuft (glomerular rete):

A

-branching and anatomising capillaries
-single afferent and efferent arteriole
-porous capillaries with fenestrations
*only 1/3 of capillaries are open at a given time

23
Q

Mesangium:

A

-core of the glomerulus
-between glomerular basement membrane and endothelial cells
-mesangial cells and mesangial matrix

24
Q

Mesangial cells:

A

-originate from pericytes or smooth muscle
*irregular cells with ELONGATED processes

25
Q

Process of mesangial cells contain:

A

-microfilaments
>connect to each other by gap junctions

26
Q

Glomerular basement membrane:

A

-separates endothelial cells (inner) from podocytes (outer)
-positive staining with PAS
-100-250nm in dog (320-340nm in humans)

27
Q

Glomerular basement membrane is composed of (3):

A

-lamina rara interna
-lamina densa
-lamina rara externa

28
Q

Bowman’s capsule:

A

-parietal and visceral layers

29
Q

What is the space between the parietal and visceral layers of bowman’s capsule called?

A

-urinary space
>continues in lumen of proximal convoluted tubule at urinary pole

30
Q

What is the visceral layer of bowman’s capsule formed by?

A

-podocytes

31
Q

Podocytes:

A

-octopus-like cell surrounding capillaries
-several primary and secondary branches
>pedicels
-filtration slits

32
Q

What are the smallest branches of podocytes referred as?

A

-pedicels (foot-processes)
>pedicels of one cell interdigitate with another cell

33
Q

Filtration slits:

A

-narrow spaces between pedicels
>20-60nm
-closed by slit diaphragms

34
Q

What is the parietal layer of bowman’s capsule formed of?

A

-simple squamous cells

35
Q

Proximal tubule:

A

-convoluted and straight part
-much longer than distal (has more profiles in sections)
-begins at urinary pole

36
Q

Cells of proximal convoluted tubules:

A

-nucleus in central or basal part of cell
-long irregular microvilli
-extensive endocytotic apparatus
-adjacent cells joined by LEAKY tight junctions
-lateral borders interdigitate with adjacent cells
-basal surface is highly folded

37
Q

Basal surface of cells of proximal convoluted tubule:

A

-highly folded forming BASAL FOLDINGS containing longitudinally aligned elongated mitochondria
-basal folds of adjacent cells interdigitate

38
Q

Proximal convoluted tubule transition to thin segment:

A

-at level of outer and inner strip of outer medulla

39
Q

Dogs proximal convoluted tubules:

A

-transition to thin segment occurs at cortico-medullary junction
>lack an outer strip
-lipid droplets found in cells (makes medullary rays lighter)

40
Q

Cats proximal convoluted tubules:

A

-numerous lipid droplets
*yellowish kidney

41
Q

Thin tubule of loop of Henle:

A

-descends in medulla to form a hair pin loop
-lined by simple squamous epithelium
-cell nuclei are round and protrude in the lumen

42
Q

Distal straight tubule:

A

-forms ascending thick segment of loop
-passes at vascular pole of its parent renal corpuscle to form MACULAR DENSA

43
Q

Distal convoluted tubule:

A

-located in cortical labyrinth
-shorter than proximal

44
Q

Distal tubule cells:

A

-nucleus in apical part of cell
-wider lumen
-lack well-developed brush border microvilli
-basal folding and mitochondrial arrangement is similar to proximal tubule
-tight junctions are NOT leaky

45
Q

Arched collecting duct:

A

-connects one to several distal convoluted tubules to the collecting duct in the medullary ray

46
Q

Collecting duct:

A

-extends throughout the medullary ray, outer medulla and inner medulla
-opens as papillary duct at tip of papillary renal crest

47
Q

Collecting duct is lined by:

A

-simple cuboidal cells that contain:
>principal cells
>intercalated cells

48
Q

Principal cells:

A

-pale cytoplasm
-straight and prominently stained lateral cell bodies
-minimal basal foldings

Anatomy Section 6 (18 decks)

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