3. Mating Systems

Question 1

what is a mating system

Answer 1

characteristic pattern of mating relationship among opposite sex members of a species

Question 2

how are mating systems emergent

Answer 2

natural selection influences behavioral and neural correlates that interact with prevailing ecological conditions to produce formation different mating strategies and systems

Question 3

does natural selection affect individual traits or group traits

Answer 3

individual traits

Question 4

what is monogamy

Answer 4

neither sex able to monopolize additional members of opposite sex; fitness maximized through shared parental investment

Question 5

what is polygyny

Answer 5

individual males frequently control organ access to multiple females

Question 6

what is polyandry

Answer 6

individual females frequently control or gain access to multiple males

Question 7

what is polygynandry

Answer 7

individual males and females frequently control or gain access to multiple members of the opposite sex

Question 8

what did Emlen and Oring propose

Answer 8

that mating systems are manifestation of the interaction between two factors; sexual conflict via differential selection on males and females to max their reproductive success; ecological via resource limitation and distribution

Question 9

what mating system is rare

Answer 9

monogamy

Question 10

Neurobiological study of prairie dog monogamy

Answer 10

Oxytocin and vasopressin injections induce pair bonding

Question 11

How does dopamine receptor correlate with monogamy

Answer 11

D2 receptors linked to pair bonding behavior between sexes; D1 receptors linked to aggression toward opposite sex after pair bonding

Question 12

What are the two basic forms of polygamous mating systems

Answer 12

Polygyny and polyandry

Question 13

What are two temporal variations of polygamous mating systems

Answer 13

Simultaneous and sequential

Question 14

What is sequential mating system

Answer 14

Form Many short term bonds over the course of the breeding cycle

Question 15

What is simultaneous mating system

Answer 15

Maintain multiple partners in the same general time frame

Question 16

What are characteristics of leks

Answer 16

Males gather together; display for females; females choose males; one or a few males dominate

Question 17

What are the three lek mate choice hypotheses

Answer 17

Hotshot; hotspot; female preference

Question 18

What is the hotshot hypothesis

Answer 18

Male with the best display gets the female

Question 19

What is the hotspot hypothesis

Answer 19

The location of a male in the lek determines his success

Question 20

What is the female preference hypothesis

Answer 20

She wants a lot of males for comparison

Question 21

What are females benefit from lek mating

Answer 21

Good gene hypothesis and sexy son hypothesis

Question 22

What is the good gene hypothesis

Answer 22

Leks provide the opportunity to compare many males and select health/vigorous male traits that lead to offspring with higher survival probability

Question 23

What is the sexy son hypothesis

Answer 23

Leks provide the opportunity to compare many males and select attractive male traits that lead to the production of male offspring with attractive traits

Question 24

What are male benefits of lek mating

Answer 24

Direct reproductive success and indirect reproductive success

Question 25

What is direct reproductive success

Answer 25

Studies show 80% of total mating attributed single successful male in lek

Question 26

What is indirect reproductive success

Answer 26

Male may receive benefits by helping kin

Question 27

In what mating systems is promiscuous behavior present

Answer 27

Polygynous and polyandrous mating

Question 28

What are the two types of promiscuous mating

Answer 28

Without pair bonds and with pair bonds

Question 29

What causes female reproductive success in polygyny mating systems

Answer 29

Availability of resource not to the availability of mates

Question 30

What is the polygyny threshold model

Answer 30

A female may be better off becoming the second "wife" if the male's territory is rich and allows her to raise more offspring than if she paired with a male who had a poor territory

Question 31

What determines a males reproductive success in a variable mating system within a single population

Answer 31

The number of mates and the access to sole mating privilege

Question 32

What determines a females success in a variable mating system within a single population

Answer 32

Success is related to male parental help and habitat quality