3. Metabolism

Question 1

glycogenesis

Answer 1

storage of carbohydrates as glycogen in muscle

Question 2

glycogenolysis

Answer 2

use of carbohydrates through breakdown of glycogen

Question 3

fermentation

Answer 3

metabolism in the absence of oxygen
pyruvate is reduced to ethanol or lactic acid
produces 2 ATP

Question 4

pentose phosphate pathway

Answer 4

creates NADPH and pentoses
controlled by NADPH levels

Question 5

insulin promotes…

Answer 5

glycolysis and glycogenesis
decreases blood glucose

Question 6

glucagon promotes…

Answer 6

gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis
increases blood glucose

Question 7

beta-oxidation

Answer 7

fasting state
fatty acids to acetyl coA
in any organ (mitochondria)
O- oxidation
H- hydrolysis
O-oxidation
T- thiolysis

Question 8

ketogenesis

Answer 8

prolonged fasting state
fatty acids to ketone bodies
in the liver
driven by excess acetyl-CoA

Question 9

chylomicron

Answer 9

lipoprotein made in the intestines
primary transport for lipids from intestines to liver

Question 10

VLDL

Answer 10

made in liver
transports triglycerides, phospholipids and cholesterol to muscle and adipocytes

Question 11

HDL

Answer 11

made in liver
picks up stray fatty acids and triglycerides and brings them back to the liver

Question 12

anabolism

Answer 12

during fed state
protein formation

Question 13

catabolism

Answer 13

during fasting state
protein breakdown

Question 14

enzymes that cleave proteins

Answer 14

trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase

Question 15

where do muscles get glycogen?

Answer 15

they have their own storage