Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Food Microbiology > (3) Microbial Diversity: Fungi and Protist > Flashcards

(3) Microbial Diversity: Fungi and Protist Flashcards

(69 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what are the 3 domain system

A

bacteria, archaea, eukarya

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the 6 kingdom system?

A

bacteria, archaea, protist, plantae, fungi, animalia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the traditional 5 kingdom system

A

same like 6 kingdom system + monera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the major groups of eukaryotes?

A
  • fungi: molds, yeasts, mushroom
  • protist: protozoans and algae

*all of those groups have single-celled representatives
*have multicellular forms in algae and fungi (mold and mushroom)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

explain the brief of eukarya anatomy

A
  • outer layer: cell wall
  • internal structure: nucleus, ER, golgi apparatus,
    mitochondria, chloroplast
  • internal structure are enclosed in membrane that contain lipid called sterols (for enchancing rigidity)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are groups of eukarya that possess cell wall?

A

fungi, algae, plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are 2 types of cell wall

A
  1. cell wall contain cellulose: a repeating chain of glucose molecule joined by beta 1,4 linkages, and include pectin and hemicellulose (plant, algae, and fungi)
  2. cell wall contain chitin: a polymer of N-acetylglucosamine (yeast and mushroom)

*some protozoans and unicellular algae surrounded by flexible pellicle made by protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

function of cell wall in eukarya

A

exchange materials between cell and environment (plasma membrane role)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

eukaryote, unicelluar or multicellular?

A

it can be both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the cell component that support motility of eukaryote?

A

flagella or cilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

mention the difference of flagella and cilia

A

flagella: have single flagellum, found in protozoans and motile algae, made up 2 central microtubules which it made of tubulin (protein

cilia: present in very large number of cell, mostly found in protozoans (ciliophora)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

mention the similarities of flagella and cilia

A

both are not found in groups of fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

does eukaryotes always have cell wall?

A

nope, most of them present by plasma membrane as their outermost layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

function of plasma membrane in eukarayotes

A

carries endocytosis (and exo) brought molecules from inside to outside. they don’t do cellular respiration

carbohydrates residue in plasma act as receptor for cell-to-cell recognition and cell adhesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

does eukaryotes has nucleus?

A

yes, it surrounded by nuclear membrane (double membrane) that contain spores while messenger RNA leaves nucleus to ribosomes during protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

does eukaryotes genetically haploid or diploid?

A

diploid, the DNA organized into one or more pairs of chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how’s DNA of eukaryotes of chromosome correlates with protein?

A

the DNA highly condensed and associated with protein (histones)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

function of ER in eukaryotes

A

communication network, transport materials between part of cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the difference of rough ER and smooth ER?

A

rough ER is associated with ribosomes, while smooth ER is not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how’s rough ER associated with ribosomes?

A

presence of ribosome gives ER involved in protein systhesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

describe golgi apparatus

A

complex, contain many organelles, arranged in stack called dictyosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

function of golgi apparatus

A
  • transport protein they’ve produces
  • package certain hydrolytic enzyme into lysosome

*the substance that are released are fuse with cytoplasmic membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

peroxisomes vs lysosomes

A

proxisomes is smaller than lysososme, however both contain degradative enzyme (catalase) to breaks down toxic H2O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

define vacuoles in eukaryotes

A

derived from golgi apparatus, act as nutrients and waste product

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
function of vacuoles
important in regulating water content of cell
26
define mitochondria in eukaryotes
rod-shape enclosed by double membrane and inner surface is folded create cristae
27
function of mitochondria in eukaryotes
producing energy called ATP
28
define chloroplast
surrounded by double membrane and serves as energy-generating reactions, has sacs called thylakoids, and pigment called chrolophyll. Thylakoids are arranged by grana
29
similarities between chloroplast and mitochondria
both contain 70S ribosomes, meaning limited DNA -> replicate themselves.
30
define molds
long branching filaments called hyphae
31
what is mycelium
network of fungal hyphae
32
what is coenocytic fungi
molds which it's cytoplasm pass through cells of hyphae uninterrupted by cross walls
33
fungi that have cross walls
septate fungi *cross walls: septa
34
groups of fungi includes
yeast, ruts, smuts, mildews, mold and mushroom
35
characteristics of fungi
- most of them are free-living in soil or water, other form parasitic or symbiotic relationship with plant or animals - lack of chlorophyll and has unique structure than plants
36
5 phyla (phylum) of fungi
- chytridiomycota (water mold) - zygomycota (bread mold) - basidiomycota (mushroom, smuts, rusts) - ascomycota (yeast)
37
what are the reproductive types of mold?
primarily asexual by spores (conidiospores, sporangiosperm, arthrospores), but many of them can be sexual spores (ascospores and zygospores, not common)
38
define zygomycota
small phylum and formed by zygospore
39
what is sporangium
structure inside spores development. Held in top of hypha called sporangophore
40
function and characteristics of spores in mold
give specific color, asexual reproductive, release when thin wall of of sporangium rupture
41
example of zygomycota
mucor and rhizopus
42
example of chytridiomycota
allomyces (water mold), physoderma
43
reproductive types of chytridiomycota
asexual when release of zoospores derived through mitosis sexual, when the fusion of isogametes
44
define cytrids (cytridiomycota)
- some of them may live saprobically (in rich organic matter without oxygen) on decaying plant and animal, other may act as parasites of plant and algae
45
does chytrids unicellular?
yeas, but some of them form mycelia of coenocytic hyphae
46
characteristics of ascomycota
production of haploid ascospores through meiosis of diploid nucleus
47
reproduction types of ascomycota
asexual involves production of airbone spores called conidia, carried on specialized hyphae called conidiophores the conidia germinate to form another mycelium (haploid)
48
asexual vs sexual reproduction
sexual, an organism combines the genetic information from each of its parents and is genetically unique. asexual, one parent copies itself to form a genetically identical offspring.
49
example of yeast
saccharomyces, candida, torula
50
reproduction types of yeast
asexual by mitosis and budding
51
yeast is..
single cell microorganism (3-4 mm)
52
reproduction types of basidiomycota
asexual (less frequent than other types of fungi)
53
basidiomycota is...
25k large groups contain true mushroom
54
derived name of protista
greek word "protisto" meaning "the very first"
55
characteristics of protisa
- unicellular, few of them are multicellular (seaweed) - movement by cilia, flagella, or pseudopodia - asexual, only occur during stress - can be autothropic (create their own food) and heterotrophic (from animal or plant nutrints) - usually aquatic, present in soil or moisture are
56
define protista
- all protist are eukaryotic - have nucleus and membrane bound organelle
57
define protozoa
unicellular organism and parasitic which lives in larger organism
58
4 major groups of protozoans
1. amoeboid protozoans (amoeba) 2. flagellated protozoans (euglana) 3. ciliated protozoans (paramecium) 4. sporozoans (plasmodium)
59
characteristics of amoeboid protozoans
live in fresh water, have pseudopodia to change shape and capturing food
60
characteristics of flagellated protozoans
have flagella, free living, has chlorophyll, parasitic
61
characteristics of ciliated protozoans
have cilia all over body to help locomotion and nutrition, aquatic
62
characteristics of sporozoans
their life cycle has spore-like stage
63
define algae
derived from kingdom protista, has 30k species
64
characteristics of algae
- single nucleus, some cells are multinucleate - some of them are siphonaceous (many nuclei not seperated by cell walls) - classified into colors (red, brown, green with choloroplast pigment)
65
characteristics of dinoflagellata (fire algae)
- photosynthetic contain chrolophyll, carotenoids, xantophylls - develop red/ golden color in coastal water that may harm fish due to toxins
66
characteristics chlorophyta (green algae)
- have chrophyll a and b, carotenoids, rigid cell wall contain cellulose - unicellular - most of them are aquatic species (or marine) - can be asexual or sexual
67
characteristics of diatom (golden-brown algae)
- when diatoms die, fall into bottom of sea, represent mineral source
68
characteristics of rhodophyta (red algae)
- red due to to pigments phycoerythrin and phycocyanin - multicellular - act as source of compelx polysaccharides (for thickening agent)
69
characteristics of phaeophyta (brown algae)
- multicellular and large complex seaweed - used unusual polysaccharides called laminarin (beta 1,3 glucan)

Food Microbiology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions