3 - Mumbai

Question 1

Location/ structure

Answer 1

One of the deepest natural harbours in the world
Major port on the Arabian Sea
Built on 7 islands, space for city growth was highly constrained making land very expensive

Question 2

Growth reasons

Answer 2

Rural urban migration
Natural increases, Indians like to have larger families
Strong economy, Foreign investment as it’s the centre of hi tech industries, Bollywood and finance
Huge informal sector

Question 3

What makes people want to live there

Answer 3

Access to jobs/ promotions
Access to better education for children
Marriage opportunities and more entertainment options

Question 4

Megacity challenges

Answer 4

Rapid population growth means more people coming in city the leaving so shortages of houses which can lead to:
Slum housing - people sharing rooms
Shanty towns/squatter settlements - people build houses out of whatever material available.

Question 5

Challenges of shanty towns/slum housing

Answer 5

Crime rate high, malnourished people due to lack of water and food
Litter and sewage create a breeding ground for diseases
No clean water, electricity, rubbish collections or sewage disposal
People go toilet in waste ground creating bad small and diseases spread

Question 6

Employment and opportunities

Answer 6

Pay low and not always regular or reliable
Working conditions can be dangerous
No benefits or security
Many children can be put to work due to low pay

Question 7

Mega city living

Answer 7

Squatter settlements often near city centre as poor people can’t afford travel to work
Quality of life bad due to air pollution from immense congestion
Usually illegal so city managers have the legal right to clear the land

Question 8

Top down strategies advantages and disadvantages

Answer 8

Advantages:
Large scale, problems of while city can be tackled
City government has political power to make land owners sell their land for development
Government can pass laws to change peoples behaviour

Disadvantages:
Some changes people won’t like e.g. slum clearing
City governments can be biased, can look out more for bigger countries
Expensive and complicated, can end up adding extra taxes for residents

Question 9

Bottom up advantages and disadvantages

Answer 9

Advantages:
Targets specific needs for communities
Positive multiplier effect

Disadvantages:
Cannot fix city wide problems like transport congestion
City governments may leave it to NGOs and locals to fix the problems
Schemes can cause conflict with city governments that want to clear sites