3 - Network Addressing Flashcards
(155 cards)
1
Q
What does IEEE stand for?
A
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
2
Q
Who assigns the manufacturing code of a mac address?
A
IEEE or institute of electrical and electronics engineers
3
Q
What does BIA stand for?
A
Burned in Address
4
Q
Ethernet is a _________________ network technology commonly used in local area networks.
A
broadcast
5
Q
A NIC will ignore frames that are not intended for?
A
- its own address
- the network broadcast address
- relevant group address ie multicast group
6
Q
What is the 802.3 IEEE standard based off of?
A
CSMA/CD or Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection
7
Q
what type of ethernet networks do not use any method to control media access?
A
Full-Duplex Ethernet
8
Q
How many fields does an ethernet frame consist of?
A
Seven
9
Q
How many fields of an ethernet frame are considered the header?
A
the first five
10
Q
What are the seven fields of an ethernet frame?
A
- preamble field
- SOF or start of frame field/ SFD start frame delimeter
- destination address field
- source address field
- type field
- data field
- FCS or frame check sequence field
11
Q
What is the preamble field of an ethernet frame used for?
A
notify receiving hosts that a frame is being sent
12
Q
What is the SOF field of an ethernet frame used for?
A
synchronization with other hosts on the lan
13
Q
what is the destination address field of an ethernet frame used for?
A
to house the mac address of the intended host
14
Q
what is the source address field of an ethernet frame used for?
A
to house the mac address of the sending host
15
Q
What is the major difference between an Ethernet II frame and an older 802.3 frame?
A
Ethernet II frames use the type field to identify the Network layer protocol. 802.3 frames use a length field because it cannot identify the protocol
16
Q
How big can the data field of an ethernet frame be?
A
46 to 1500 bytes
17
Q
How big is the preamble field of an ethernet frame?
A
7 bytes
18
Q
How big is the SFD or start frame delimiter field of an ethernet frame?
A
1 byte
19
Q
How big is the destination address field of an ethernet frame?
A
6 bytes
20
Q
How big is the source address field of an ethernet frame?
A
6 bytes
21
Q
How big is the type/length field of an ethernet frame?
A
2 bytes
22
Q
How big is the FCS or Frame Check Sequence field of an ethernet frame?
A
4 bytes
23
Q
How many 8-bit octets make up a MAC address?
A
six
24
Q
How many bytes are in a MAC address?
A
six
25
What is an OUI?
Organizationally Unique Identifier, the first three octets of a MAC address
26
What are the last three octets of a MAC address?
NIC-specific identifier
27
What does an I/G bit represent in a MAC address?
Individual(bit is a 0) or Group (bit is a 1). It is the second least significant bit in the most significant byte. Least significant is on the right and most significant is on the left.
28
What does an G/L or U/L bit represent in a Mac address?
Global or Universal (bit is a 0) or Local (bit is a 1). It is the least significant bit in the most significant byte. Least significant is on the right and most significant is on the left.
29
Where is the most significant octet of a MAC address?
The left most octet or octet 0
30
Where is the most significant bit in an octet of a MAC address?
The left most bit in the octet
31
Who assigns public ip addresses?
IANA or Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
32
What is an example of a routed protocol?
IP
33
What is included in an IPv4 header?
1. Version field
2. IHL or IP Header length field
3. TOS or Type of Service field
4. Total Length field
5. Identification field
6. Flags field
7. Fragment Offset field
8. TTL or Time to Live field
9. Protocol field
10. Header Checksum field
11. Source Address field
12. Destination Address field
13. Options field
34
What is the size of an IPv4 header without options?
20 bytes or 160 bits
35
How big is the Version field of an IPv4 header?
4 bits
36
How big is the IHL or IP Header Length field of an IPv4 header?
4 bits
37
How big is the TOS or Type of Service field of an IPv4 header?
8 bits or 1 byte
38
How big is the Total Length field of an IPv4 header?
16 bits or 2 bytes
39
How big is the Identification field of an IPv4 header?
16 bits or 2 bytes
40
How big is the Flags field of an IPv4 header?
3 bits
41
How big is the Fragment Offset field of an IPv4 header?
13 bits
42
How big is the TTL or Time to Live field of an IPv4 header?
8 bits or 1 byte
43
How big is the Protocol field of an IPv4 header?
8 bits or 1 byte
44
How big is the Header Checksum field of an IPv4 header?
16 bits or 2 bytes
45
How big is the Source Address field of an IPv4 header?
32 bits or 4 bytes
46
How big is the Destination Address field of an IPv4 header?
32 bits or 4 bytes
47
How big is the Options field of an IPv4 header?
variable length
48
What is the loopback address for IPv4?
127.0.0.1
49
What are the private IP addresses for IPv4?
10. 0.0.0/8
172. 16.0.0/12
192. 168.0.0/16
50
What is used to translate private IP addresses to public IP addresses?
NAT or Network Address Translation
51
What does APIPA stand for?
Automatic Private IP Address
52
What is the range for APIPA?
169.254.0.0/16
53
What RFC or Request for Comments specifies APIPA?
RFC 3927
54
What are multicast addresses?
Used to send a single stream of data to multiple devices simultaneously, conserving bandwidth
55
What is the All Hosts multicast address?
224.0.0.1
56
What is the multicast range?
224.0.0.0/4
57
What is the global broadcast address of IPv4?
255.255.255.255
58
What is the global broadcast address in IPv4 used for?
Used to send data to every computer on a subnet
59
Binary system is based off of what?
Base-2 system
60
What is a base-2 system?
only capable of using two numbers, either a 0 or a 1
61
How many bits are in an octet?
8 bits
62
What is dotted decimal?
Way of expressing a binary number as a group of decimal numbers.
63
What are classful networks?
```
Classful networks are divided into classes:
Class A
Class B
Class C
Class D
Class E
```
64
What classes of a classful network are for commercial use?
Class A, B, and C
65
What are Class D addresses reserved for?
Multicast traffic
66
What are Class E addresses reserved for?
Experimental purposes only
67
What is the octet range for Class A networks?
First Octet Ranges from 1 - 127
68
What is the octet range for Class B networks?
First Octet Ranges from 128 - 191
69
What is the octet range for Class C networks?
First Octet Ranges from 192 - 223
70
What is the octet range for Class D networks?
First Octet Ranges from 224 - 239
71
What is the octet range for Class E networks?
First Octet Ranges from 240 - 255
72
What request for comments defines ips used for commercial use of private ips?
RFC 1918
73
What is the range for private Class A networks?
10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255
74
What is the range for private Class B networks?
172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255
75
What is the range for private Class C networks?
192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255
76
Define a classful network.
the host and network portions of a an IP address are divided at the octet boundaries.
77
Define a classless network.
the host and network portions of a an IP address are not divided at the octet boundaries.
78
What does VLSM stand for?
Variable length subnet masks
79
What does CIDR stand for?
Classless inter-domain routing
80
What is the goal of utilizing VLSM?
more efficient use of IP addresses
81
Classful networks will always be either ______________ in CIDR notation?
/8
/16
/24
82
What bits can be used in a classless CIDR notation?
1-31. A /32 indicates a host
83
What is subnetting?
A technique used to divide a network into smaller subnetworks.
84
What is another name for route summarization?
Supernetting
85
What is route summarization?
combines several smaller subnets into one larger subnet
86
How many bits are in an IPv6 address?
128 bits
87
How is automatic configuration handled in IPv6?
DHCv6 (stateful)
| EUI-64 (stateless)
88
Is IPSec supported in IPv6?
Yes, natively
89
What are some advantages of IPv6?
1. 128 bit address space, more ips available
2. Does not require NAT or PAT
3. Natively implements IPSEC
4. Relies on Transport layer protocols instead of header checksums for data integrity
5. More efficient route aggregation by using multiple subprefixes
90
How many times can the :: or double colon be used in an IPv6 address?
once
91
Does IPv6 support broadcast?
no
92
What are the distinct segments of an IPv6 address?
1. prefix (network portion of the address)
| 2. interface ID (host portion of the address)
93
What are the three address types of IPv4?
1. unicast
2. multicast
3. broadcast
94
What are the three address types of IPv6?
1. unicast
2. multicast
3. anycast
95
What address/addresses types in IPv6 are used to replace broadcast types in IPv4?
1. multicast
| 2. anycast
96
What is the multicast address for all hosts in IPv4 and IPv6?
224.0.0.1
| FF02::1
97
What is the multicast address for all routers in IPv4 and IPv6?
224.0.0.2
| FF02::2
98
What is the multicast address for all OSPF routers in IPv4 and IPv6?
224.0.0.5
| FF02::5
99
What is the multicast address for all OSPF DRs in IPv4 and IPv6?
224.0.0.6
| FF02::6
100
What is the multicast address for all RIP Routers (except RIPv1) in IPv4 and IPv6?
224.0.0.9
| FF02::9
101
What is the multicast address for all EIGRP Routers in IPv4 and IPv6?
224.0.0.10
| FF02::A
102
What are anycast addresses typically used for?
load balancing
103
What are the three types of IPv6 unicast addresses?
1. Global unicast
2. Unique local unicast
3. Link-local unicast
104
What is the loopback address for IPv6?
::1
105
What do multicast addresses start with in IPv6?
FF
106
What do Link-local unicast addresses start with in IPv6?
FE8 typically
FE9
FEA
FEB
107
What do Unique local unicast addresses start with in IPv6?
FC
| FD
108
What do Global unicast addresses start with in IPv6?
2 or 3
109
Who assigns Global unicast addresses in IPv6?
ICANN or Internet Corporation for Assigned Names
110
Since Unique local addresses in IPv6 are randomly generated prefixes, what can they not do?
cannot be summarized
111
Since Link local addresses in IPv6 are used for communication over a single link, what can they not do?
cannot be routed
112
What are Link local addresses in IPv6 typically used for?
neighbor discovery
113
What address space do anycast addresses share with?
Global unicast addresses
114
What is the unspecified address in IPv6?
::
115
How many bits are in the registry prefix of a global unicast address?
23 bits
116
How many bits are in the ISP prefix of a global unicast address?
9 bits
117
How many bits are in the site prefix of a global unicast address?
16 bits
118
How many bits are in the subnet prefix of a global unicast address?
16 bits
119
How many bits are in an interface ID of a global unicast address?
64 bits
120
What is the hierarchical structure of an IPv6 global unicast address?
1. registry prefix
2. ISP prefix
3. Site prefix
4. Subnet prefix
5. interface ID
121
How is an EUI-64 IPv6 address created?
Taking the OUI of the mac address first, followed by FFFE, followed by the NIC specific identifier
122
How do you make an EUI-64 address globally unique?
Convert the seventh bit of the ID to a 1
123
How do you make an EUI-64 address locally unique?
Convert eh seventh bit of the ID to a 0
124
What is dual stack?
enables a host or router to communicate over ipv4 and ipv6.
125
What is NAT-PT?
is used to enable communicataions between ipv6 only hosts and ipv4 only hosts by translating ipv4 to ipv6 and vice versa
126
Does NAT-PT create an address mapping table?
Yes
127
Name the different tunneling methods used in ipv4 to ipv6 or ipv6 to ipv4?
6to4
4to6
ISATAP intrasite automatic tunnel addressing protocol
terdo
128
How does 6to4 tunneling work?
Ipv6 traffic is encapsulated in an ipv4 header
129
How does 4to6 tunneling work?
ipv4 traffic is encapsulated in an ipv6 header
130
How does dhcpv6 work?
1. client sends a router solicitation message using NDP or neighbor discovery protocol to discover neighbor routers
2. Routers with reply with a router advertisements that let a client know whether DHCPv6 servers are available
3. Client sends multicast packets to FF02::1:2 (all dhcp agents address)
131
What is not provided in a stateless address configuration?
domain name
| dns servers
132
What is the range of well known ports?
0 - 1023
133
What is a socket address?
ip address appended with a port number
134
what does udp stand for?
User datagram protocol
135
What is udp used for?
unreliable, connectionless datagram transfer. does not establish a communications session before sending data, no error correction or flow control
136
What are some examples of protocols that use UDP?
dhcp
snmp
tftp
ntp
137
What fields are contained in a UDP header?
1. source port
2. destination port
3. length
4. Checksum
138
What are some examples of protocols that use TCP?
ftp
http
smtp
pop3
139
how many bits are in a udp source port field?
16 bits
140
how many bits are in a udp destination port field?
16 bits
141
How many bits are in a udp length field?
16 bits
142
How many bits are in a udp checksum field?
16 bits
143
What is tcp used for?
reliable connection oriented transfer of data. considered reliable because it offers error detection and correction, flow control, sequencing, and acknowledgements
144
What fields are contained in a TCP header?
1. source port
2. destination port
3. sequence number
4. acknowledgement number
5. data offset
6. reserved
7. flags
8. window
9. checksum
10. urgent pointer
11. Options
145
how many bits are in a tcp source port field?
16 bits
146
how many bits are in a tcp destination port field?
16 bits
147
how many bits are in a tcp sequence number field?
32 bits
148
how many bits are in a tcp acknowledgement field?
32 bits
149
how many bits are in a tcp data offset field?
4 bits
150
how many bits are in a tcp reserver field?
6 bits
151
how many bits are in a tcp flags field?
6 bits
152
how many bits are in a tcp window field?
16 bits
153
how many bits are in a tcp checksum field?
16 bits
154
how many bits are in a tcp urgent pointer field?
16 bits
155
how many bits are in a tcp options field?
variable length plus padding
