3- Neutral & Sex Selection

Question 1

Two authors?

Answer 1

1. Clutton-Brock 2. Crannon-Taubadel

Question 2

What “skews” predictability of selective determenism?

Answer 2

rape and stuff

Question 3

Sex differences _____ related to general indices of reproductive competition

Answer 3

not*

Question 4

when species approach carrying capacity …

Answer 4

males simmer TF down

Question 5

Clutton-Brock theme: quantitative genetic analysis …

Answer 5

as proxy for genetic data

Question 6

Paper 2 Title (important for exam)

Answer 6

Evolutionary Insights into Global Patterns of Human Cranial Diversity: Population History, Climate, & Dietary Effects -Noreen Von Crannon-Taubadel (?)

Question 7

Noreen von Crannon-Taubadel

Answer 7

paper 2 author “Global Patterns of Human Cranial Diversity”

Question 8

Boas

Answer 8

refutes race

Question 9

Mayr “typologists and _____ are opposed”

Answer 9

populationists

Question 10

Lewontonan “diversity is”

Answer 10

in-group not between-group

Question 11

More homozygosity the further from …

Answer 11

centroid (“peak diversity”)

Question 12

Phenotypic ______ changes in the genotype

Answer 12

doesn’t directly track*

Question 13

neutral genetic (non-adaptive) and craniometrics ( )

Answer 13

congruent

Question 14

What must be subtracted to gauge changes in the phenotype?

Answer 14

shared ancestry

Question 15

KEY POINT = WHAT PROCESS IS STOCHASTIC AND WHAT IS DETERMENISTIC?

Answer 15

Neutral evolution = stochastic / selection = determenistic

Question 16

Vault & temporals = ____ / but facial shape = ____

Answer 16

vault & temporals = neutral … facial shape = temperature adaptation

Question 17

Mastication is …

Answer 17

more adaptable

Question 18

____ and ____ interaction is FULL BODY

Answer 18

phenotypical and genotypical

Question 19

Homoiology (“single function” hypothesis) not acceptable in many cases. Therefore what is preferable …

Answer 19

Theories based (Bergman & Allen) on diet & climate

Question 20

In the anti-race turn, excessive reliance fell on …

Answer 20

adaptation by natural selection

Question 21

Introns are “junk DNA”

Answer 21

no. they are mostly latent adaptations.

Question 22

Mitochondria doesn’t have

Answer 22

heterozygosity (because all XX?)

Question 23

Introns have greater ______ than exons

Answer 23

heterozygosity (neutral factors are powerful!)

Question 24

(Wright-Fisher model) small populations means alleles more likely to (A aor B) FASTER

Answer 24

become fixed OR drop out entirely

Question 25

(Wright-Fisher model) large populations means alleles more likely to (A or B) SLOWER

Answer 25

become fixed OR drop out entirely (meaning that the (fairly tame) disparity of Indigenous people in North America from Asian populations could tell you the group size that came over was fairly large)?

Question 26

effective pop size in Africa 7000. effective pop size in Europe 3000. because

Answer 26

distance from centroid / heterozygosity.

Question 27

OOA is more ____ than bottleneck

Answer 27

founder effect

Question 28

Assortative and disassortative

Answer 28

mating strategies

Question 29

4 types of selection

Answer 29

purifying, diversifying, balancing, frequency

Question 30

Which chromosome does matrilocality affect?

Answer 30

y-Chromosome homozygosity

Question 31

Which chromosome does patrilocality affect?

Answer 31

X-Chromosome homozygosity

Question 32

Of nat sel and neut theory - which one must first be disproven?

Answer 32

NEUT THEORY

Question 33

PLEIOTROPY is?

Answer 33

One gene effects 2 or more different phenotypic traits

Question 34

P = G + E ?

Answer 34

phenotype = genotype + environment

Question 35

how we resemble our parents =

Answer 35

narrow-sense heritability

Question 36

narrow-sense heritability looks only at

Answer 36

additive component

Question 37

intersexual selection

Answer 37

M and F equally

Question 38

intrasexual selection

Answer 38

M chases F + M&M competition (many benefits / peacock coloration / runaway selection)