Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical Cell Biology & Genetics > 3. Nutrition, Diet & Body Weight > Flashcards

3. Nutrition, Diet & Body Weight Flashcards

1
Q

What causes hypoglycaemia?

A

Plasma glucose below 2.8mM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does ATP release energy?

A

The phosphodiester bond between beta and gamma glucose is broken to relese energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How is ATP produced?

A

Oxidation of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the unit of food energy?

A

Kilojoule (kJ)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many kilojoules are needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1 degree celcius?

A

4.2kJ (1Kcal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 7 components of diet?

A
  • Carbohydrates
  • Protein
  • Lipid
  • Fibre
  • Vitamins
  • Minerals
  • Water
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why is fibre important?

A

For norml function of the GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What diet components provide energy?

A
  • Mainly carbohydrates
  • Protein
  • Fats
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 7 main dietary carbohydrates?

A
  • Starch
  • Glycogen
  • Glucose
  • Sucrose
  • Fructose
  • Lactose
  • Maltose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why do proteins need to be broken down during digestion?

A

If they arent broken down they’ll produce toxic ammonia into the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 9 essential amino acids that must be obtained from diet?

A
  • Isoleucine
  • Lysine
  • Threonine
  • Histidine
  • Leucine
  • Methionine
  • Phenyalanine
  • Tryptophan
  • Valine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are ‘high quality’ proteins and where can you get them?

A

Protein sources that contains all essential amino acids. Protein of animal origin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are lower quality proteins and where can they be found?

A

Protein sources that are deficient in atleast one essential amino acid. Proteins of plant origin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are triglycerides composed of?

A

3 fatty acids esterified to one glycerol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are saturated lipids and state one property?

A

Lipids containing no C=C bonds. Liquid at room temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are unsaturated fatty acids and state one property?

A

Lipids containing atleast 1 C=C. Solid at room temperature

17
Q

State one energy property of lipids

A

Contain less oxygen than carbohydrates and proteins, so releases more energy as they are more reduced

18
Q

Why are triglycerols requirede for digestion?

A

Required for the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins from the gut

19
Q

Why are electrolytes essential in our diet?

A

To establish ion gradients across membranes

To maintain water balance

20
Q

Name 2 properties of vitamins

A

Fat soluble

Water soluble

21
Q

What disease is caused by a deficiency in vitamin B12?

A

Anaemia

22
Q

What disease is caused by a deficiency in vitamin C?

A

Scurvy

23
Q

What disease is caused by a deficiency in niacin?

A

Pellagra

24
Q

What foods are dieatary fibres found in?

A

Cereal foods e.g. bread, beans, fruit, veg

25
Q

What symptoms are associated with a low fibre diet?

A

Constipation

Bowel cancer

26
Q

What disease risks are reduced through a high fibre diet?

A

Cholesterol

Diabetes

27
Q

What factors influence the body’s energy requirements?

A

Age
Gender
Body composition
Physical activity

28
Q

What is the basal metabolic rate?

A

The metabolism required to maintain the resting activities of the body.

29
Q

What are the resting activities of the body?

A

Maintenance of cells
Function of organs
Maintaining body temperature

30
Q

What factors affect your basal metabolic rate?

A

Body size - surface area
Gender - Males have more muscle, so higher BMR
Environment - influences body temp
Body temp - BMR increase 12% per degree
Endocrine status - BMR increase in hyperthyroidism

31
Q

What are your intermediate energy stores?

A

Carbohydrate stores

32
Q

What are your long term energy stores?

A

Adipose1

33
Q

Define obesity

A

Excessive fat accumulation in adipose tissue stores which impairs health

34
Q

How do you work out BMI?

A

Weight/(Height)^2

35
Q

What is an alternative measure ot determine if patients are a healthy weight?

A

Waist/hip ratio

36
Q

Above what waist/hip ratio are ment considered obese?

A

0.9

37
Q

What increased risks are associated with an increased proportion of body fat on the upper body rather than the hips?

A 
Hypertension
Stroke
Type 2 diabetes
Insulin resistance
Premature death
38
Q

What is oedema?

A

Retention of fluid

39
Q

What causes Kwashiorkor?

A

A diet with normal energy levels but low levels of protein

Medical Cell Biology & Genetics (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions