3. Patho Flashcards
1
Q
Acidic tombstone
Dead tissue architecture preserved
A
Coagulative necrosis
2
Q
Cheese like
Architecture not preserve
Tuberculosis infection
A
Caseous
3
Q
Ischemic Necrosis of the brain
A
Liquifactive necrosis
4
Q
Immune reactions involving BLOOD VESSELS
A
Fibrinoid
5
Q
Saponification
Acute pancreatitis
A
Enzyme Fat Necrosis
6
Q
Acute inflammation patterne
A
Serous
Fibrinous
Purulent
Ulcer
7
Q
Acute inflammation outcomes
A
Resolve
Pus or abscess
Chronic inflamm
Fibrosis or scarring
8
Q
Principle cells in inflammation
A
Macrophges
Lymphocytes
9
Q
Monocytes in tissue
A
Macrophages
10
Q
Macrophages Liver Spleen, lymph nodes Cns Lungs Skin
A
Kuppfer cells Histiocytes Microglial cells Alveolar macrophages Langerhans cells
11
Q
Inflammation systemic effects
A
Fever
Acute phase proteins
Leukocutosis
Septic shock
12
Q
Edema mechanisms
A
⬆️ hydrostatic pressure
Decreased oncotic pressure
Increased vascular permeability
Lymphatic obstruction
13
Q
GP 2B-3A deficiency
A
Glanzmann thrombasthenia
14
Q
Gp1b-IX deficiency
A
Bernard soulier syndrome
15
Q
Hypercoagulable state
Endothelial injury
Abnormal blood flow
A
Virchow triad
16
Q
Thrombus fates
A
Propagation
Embolization
Dissolution
Organization and recanalization
17
Q
Fibrillin 1 gene defect
A
Marfan Syndrome
18
Q
Araxhnodactyly
Dolichocephaly
Ectopia lentis
A
Marfan Syndrome
19
Q
Fibrillar collagen defect
A
Ehler danlos syndrome
20
Q
Most common lysosomal storage disorder
A
Gaucher dse
21
Q
Glucocerebrosidase deficiency
A
Gaucher dse
22
Q
Catch 22?
A
Di george syndrome
23
Q
Catch 22 meaning
A
C cardiac anomaly A abnormal facies T thymic hypoplasia C cleft palate H hypocalcemia 22 chromosome 22q11.2 deletion
24
Q
Testicular atrophy
Micropenis
2ndary sex characteristics absent
A
47xxy
Klinefelter syndrome
25
Single mist important cause f primary amenorrhea
Turner syndrome
| 45xo
26
Macro ordichism - ambnormal large testes
Long face
Large mandible
Large everted ears
Fragile x syndrome
27
Libman-Sacks endocarditis
SLE
28
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca
Xerostomia
Autoimmune-mediated destruction of lacrimal and salivary glands
Sjogren syndrome
29
CREST syndrome
Scleroderma
```
C calcinosis
R raynaud phenomenon
E esophageal dysmotility
S sclerdactyly
T telangiectasia
```
30
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome triad
Its a TIE!
T thrombocytopenia
I infxns
E eczema
31
Hallmark of malignancy
ANAPLASIA
32
Benign tumors that are unencapsulated
Hemangioma
33
Unequivocal marker of malignancy
Metastasis
34
Rash
Warthin finkeldey cells
Koplik spots
Measles
35
Cowdry type A
| Multinucleated syncytia
Herpes simplex virus
36
Dewdrops on a rose petal
VZV
37
Intranuclear inclusions
| Shingles
VSV
38
Large cells with atypia
Owls eye inclusion
(-) heterophile : monospot test
CMV
39
TRANSFORMING VIRUS
Atypical lymphocytes
Paracortical hyperplasia
(+) heterophile
EBV
40
Pseudomemembrane
C. Diphtheriae
41
G(+) intracellular bacilli in CSF
L. Monocytogenes
42
Tissue necrosis
Exudative inflammation rich in neutrophils
Hemorrhagic vasculitis
B. Anthracis
43
Laryngotracheobronchitis
| Peripheral lymphocytosis
Bordetella
44
Fleur de lis pattern
Pseudomonas
45
Perivascular blue haze
| Ecthyma gangrenosum
Pseudomonas
46
Macrophages filled with acid fast bacilli
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare (MAC) complex
47
Soap bubble lesions
Cryptococcus neoformans
48
Priminent polyscaharide capsule
Cryptococcus neoformans
49
Septate hyphae branching at acute angles
Aspergillus
50
Non septate hyphae branching at right angles
Mucor
51
Maltese cross pattern
Babesia
52
Nurse cells
Trichrnella spiralis
| Trichinosis
53
Dead worms surrounded by hyaline, eosinophilic precipitates embedded in small epitheloid granulomas
Meyers-Kouwenaar bodies
54
Leading cause of preventable blindness in sib saharan africa
Onchocerca volvulus
55
Basophilic stippling
Lead poisoning
56
King of poisons
Arsenic
57
Itai itai disease
Cadmium
58
3 Ds of pellagra
Dementia
Diarrhea
Dermatitis
59
Spinocerebellar degeneration
Vitamin e
60
Maintenance of myelinization of spinal cord tracts
B6 pyridoxine
61
Most common Extracranial solid tumor at Childhood
Neuroblastoma
62
Small round blue cells
Neuropil
Homer wright pseudoRosettes
Neuroblastoma
63
Most common primary renal tumor of childhood
Wilms
64
Pulseless dse
Takayasu arteritis
65
MI in chikdren
| Coronary artery aneurysm
Kawasaki dse
66
pulmonary prominent involvement
Wegener granulomatosis
67
Recurrent Oral apthous ulcers
Genital ulcers
Uveitis
Behcet syndrome
68
Port wine stain
Sturge weber syndrome
69
Continuous machinery like murmur
Patent ductus arteriosus
70
Components of tetralogy of fallot
VSD
RIGHT VENTRICULAR OUTFLOW OBSTRUCTION
OVERRIDING AORTA
RVH
71
Boot shaped heart on cxr
| Coeur en sabot
TOF
72
Egg on the side appearance
| Apple on a stem
TGA
73
Aschoff bodies
Rheumatic fever
74
Aschoff bodies
Rheumatic fever
75
HACEK
- subacute IE
```
H haemophilus spp
A aggregatibacter spp
C cardiobacterium spp
E eikenella corrodens
K kingella spp
```
76
Watter bottle appearance
| Beck triad
Pericardial effusions
77
Beck triad?
Muffled heart sounds
Distended neck veins
Hypotension
78
T12:21
B cell ALL
79
NOTCH-1
T cell ALL
80
T15;17
Acute promyelocytic leukemia
81
BCR ABL T9;22
CHronic Myelogenous Leukemia
82
Birbeck granules
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
83
Ratio of the volume of RBC to that of the whole blood
Hematocrit
84
Average volume of red cells
MCV
85
Hereditary Spherocytosis Diagnostic test
Osmotic fragility testing
86
Heinz bodies
Degma cells / bite cells
Protective against malaria
G6PD def
87
Crew cut appearance skull skull
Beta thalassemia
88
eggshell calcifications
Silicosis
89
Asteroid bodies
| Schaumann bodies
Sarcoidosis
90
Most deadly of all SKIN cancers
MELANOMA
91
Imp RF of Melanoma
SUN EXPOSURE
92
Big eosinophilic nuclei?
Melanoma
| Prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma PAA
93
Rapid increase in number of sevorrhic keratosis
Paraneoplastic syndrome of GI malignancies
Leser Trelat signs
The sign of Leser-Trélat may be more precisely defined as the abrupt appearance of multiple seborrheic keratoses caused by an associated cancer and the rapid increase in their size and number. This definition is parallel to that of malignant acanthosis nigricans; both conditions are obligate paraneoplastic syndromes.
94
Attpical dyskeratotic cells in vasal epidermis with intercellular bridges
Actinic keratosis
95
Dermal imvasion
Keratin pearl
Dyskeratotic cells
Squamous cell CA
Dyskeratosis is abnormal keratinization occurring prematurely within individual cells or groups of cells below the stratum granulosum
96
Peripheral palasading
| Stromal retraction
BCCA
97
Target lesions
| Interface dermatitis
SJS/TEN
98
Morphology:
Test tubes in a rack appearance
Munro microabscesses
Spongiform pustules of Kogoj
Psoriasis
99
6Ps of Lichen Planus
```
Pruritic
Purple
Polygonal
planar
papules
plaques
```
100
```
Epidermal hyperplasia
Hyoerkeratosis
Hypergranulosis
Interface dermatitis
Civatte/ Colloid bodies
```
Lichen Planus
101
Hallmark of Acne Vulgaris
Comedogenesis
102
Impetigo etiologic agent
GABHS
| S. AUREUS
103
Osteoblast fxn?
MEDIATED by?
OsteoBlast - B!
Bring calcium to bone
MEDIATED by? Calcitonin
104
Reabsorbs CA from serum?
MEDIATED by?
OsteoClast
Mediated by? PTH
105
Most common Lethal Form of dwarfism?
Thanatropic dysplasia
106
Most common inherited disorder of connective tissue
Osteogenesis imperfecta
107
Erlenmeyer flask deformity
Osteopetrosis / marble Bone dse
108
Hard but brittle bones?
OsteoPetrosis
109
Decreased Bone mass?
Osteopenia
Severe osteopenia- osteoporosis
110
Increased but disordered and structurally unsound bone mass
Paget disease / osteitis deformans
111
Jigsaw puzzle
Paget dse
112
Dissecting osteitis
| Railroad track like appearance
Hyper parathyroidism
113
Saber shin?
Skeletal syphilis
T. Pallidum syphilis
T. Pertenue yaws
114
Lacelike pattern
Sunburst appearance
Codman triangle / perisosteal lifting
Osteosarcoma
115
Ollier and Maffucci syndrome
| Cytologically benign chondrocytes
Chondroma
116
Anaplastic chrondocytes with varying cellularity mitosis and atypia
Chondrosarcoma
117
2nd most common grp of bone sarcomas in children
Ewing sarcoma
118
T11;22
| EWS-FL11 fusion gene
Ewing sarcoma
119
Small round blue cells
| Homer wright rosettes
Ewing sarcoma
120
Curvilinear trabeculae of woven bone without osteoblastic brimming
Fibrous dysplasia
121
“Bamboo-stick” appearance of spine
Ankylosing spondylitis
122
“Pencil in a cup” deformity
Psoriatic
123
Recruitment of leukocytes to inflammation sites -5
```
Margination
Rolling
Adhesion
Transmigration
Migration/chemotaxis
```
124
Likelihood for malignancy
SQUAMOUS CELL CA
```
Smoking
Alcohol
Betel quid and paan
Actinic radiation
Pipe smoking
HPV Infx - hpv16
```
125
Periorbital lilac discoloration
Heliotrope rash
DERMATOMYOSITIS
126
Dusky red patches over knuckles, knees, and elbow
Gottron papules
DERMATOMYOSITIS
127
Periorbital lilac discoloration
Heliotrope rash
DERMATOMYOSITIS
128
Dusky red patches over knuckles, knees, and elbow
Gottron papules
DERMATOMYOSITIS
129
Lisch nodules
Cafe au lait spots
Pheochromocytoma
Optic nerve glioma
NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TYPE1
130
NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TYPE1
What chromosome?
Chromosome 17
131
Bilateral eight nerve scwhannomas
| Ependymomas
NF TYPE2
132
Lisch nodules
Cafe au lait spots
Pheochromocytoma
Optic nerve glioma
NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TYPE1
133
NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TYPE1
What chromosome?
Chromosome 17
134
Bilateral eight nerve scwhannomas
| Ependymomas
NF TYPE2
135
Charcot bouchard microaneurysm
Hypertensive ICH
136
Charcot bouchard microaneurysm
Hypertensive ICH
137
Charcot bouchard microaneurysm
Hypertensive ICH
138
Fried egg appearance
Oligodendroglioma
139
Waxy pallor of the optic disk
| Accumulation of retinal pigment around blood vessel’s
Retinitis Pigmentosa
