What is attenuation
Is the weakening of signals during transmission.
Where does attenuation exist
In both wired and wireless transmission. Length of wire impacts the severity of attenuation.
Electromagnetic Interference (EMI):
A disturbance generated by an external source that affects an electric circuit.
what caused EMI?
Electric storms or noisy electrical equipment.
Cross-talsk
Crosstalk is electromagnetic interference from one unshielded twisted pair to another twisted pair, normally running in parallel.
Fiber optic cables
proven to be more secure than the other media. They have very low transmission loss, not affected by EMI and preferred choice for high volumes and long distance calls.
What is a diverse routing
The method of routing traffic through split-cable facilities or duplicate facilities
Where is an alternate routing?
The method of routing information via an alternative
medium, such as copper cable or fiber optics is called alternate routing.
difference between last mile and long haul
Last mile provide redundancy for local loop whereas long haul provide redundancy for long distance availability
