3 - PM Flashcards
(29 cards)
pain on swallowing + oral steroid use =
Oesophageal candidiasis
what is xanthelasmas
fatty deposits around eye
progressive dysphagia; solids and now liquids suggest
oesophageal cancer
Examples of one unit of alcohol: spirits, beer, wine
Examples of one unit of alcohol:
25ml single measure of spirits (ABV 40%)
a third of a pint of beer (ABV 5 to 6%)
half a 175ml ‘standard’ glass of red wine (ABV 12%)
huge rise (10 000+) in ALP and AST think what
paracetamol OD
mild UC
< 4 stools/day, only a small amount of blood
mild UC
4-6 stools/day, varying amounts of blood, no systemic upset
Severe UC
> 6 bloody stools per day + features of systemic upset (pyrexia, tachycardia, anaemia, raised inflammatory markers)
what is mesalazine
frist line treatment in mild/medium UC flare
when do you give steroid in UC
if no response to mesalazine
methotrexate - UC or Crohns
Crohns
Treatment for severe colitis in UC
IV steroids
Treatment for distal/rectal colitis in UC
topical mesalazine
meslazine is what type of drug
aminosalicylates
Gastroenteritis bug incubation
1-6 hrs: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus*
12-48 hrs: Salmonella, Escherichia coli
48-72 hrs: Shigella, Campylobacter
> 7 days: Giardiasis, Amoebiasis
Faecal calprotectin is used when
to differentiate IBS from IBD - identifies inflammation, will be neg in IBS
Hepatic encephalopathy is cause by?
high ammonia levels
how do you treat hepatic encephalopathy
give lactulose to inhibit ammonia producing bacteria in bowel
deranged LFTs combined with secondary amenorrhoea
autoimmune hepatitis
Diagnosis: male, high bill but normal LFT’s and no urobiliogen in urine
Gilberts: nothing in urine or LFTs issues so pre-hepatic = Gilberts
Gilberts investigations
investigation: rise in bilirubin following prolonged fasting or IV nicotinic acid
what indicated megacolon on x-ray
Toxic megacolon - transverse colon diameter > 6 cm
units: pint of beer
2.8
units: bottle of wine
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