3. power- struggles over power in the medieval period Flashcards
(45 cards)
What rights did the barons gain during the medieval period?
The barons gradually gained greater rights during the medieval period.
What happened when Henry I took the throne?
The barons favoured his brother, Robert.
When Robert returned from crusade, Henry imprisoned him.
The barons were unhappy about this.
What did Henry I’s Coronation Charter of 1100 do?
It made concessions to the barons to win them over , such as giving the king less control over the marriage of barons’ and earls’ daughters.
How did Henry II treat his barons regarding taxes?
Henry II did not impose harsh taxes on his barons and often forgave rebellious barons.
What was King John’s relationship with his barons like?
King John had a negative relationship with his barons, partly due to heavy taxation.
What actions did King John take that angered the barons?
The barons under John became resentful of his abuse of power.
John sold ‘justice’ by accepting bribes during court cases and often ruled in favor of the nobles.
What event occurred in 1215 related to King John and the barons?
A civil war broke out after disputes between John and his barons could not be resolved.
What was John forced to accept as a consequence of the 1215 civil war?
John was forced to admit defeat and he accepted the barons’ demands in a document known as the Magna Carta (Great Charter)
What was the impacts of the Magna Carta on power?
- limited the power of the king for example, the king could no longer accept justices
- the signing of the Magna Carta embedded the principle that everyone including the king, was subject to the law
- this was the first time the relationship between monarchs and their subjects had been arranged as such.
When did Parliament emerge?
Parliament emerged in the thirteenth century.
What was the opinion of some people regarding de Montfort?
Some people thought de Montfort was too radical.
What happened to de Montfort at the Battle of Evesham?
He was killed at the Battle of Evesham in 1265.
What happened to Henry after de Montfort’s death?
Henry was reinstated as king.
What did Henry III do during his reign regarding Parliaments?
He continued to summon Parliaments until his death in 1272.
What did Henry III accept at the start of each Parliament?
He openly accepted the terms of the Magna Carta.
What significant event occurred in 1251 involving Simon de Montfort?
Simon de Montfort and a group of barons forced Henry III to accept the Provisions of Oxford.
What did the Provisions of Oxford state?
The king had to rule with the advice of a council of 24 advisers, and Parliament had to meet three times a year.
Who did Henry III challenge?
After Henry III gained support from some barons he challenged De Montfort.
De Montfort was successful and Henry was detained.
De Montfort ruled for a brief period in which he created the first parliament which met in 1265
What was Edward I known for as a ruler?
He was a strong and effective ruler who summoned Parliament regularly.
What was the significance of the Model Parliament called by Edward I in 1295?
Knights and representatives (burgesses) from major towns were invited, making up the Commons.
What pattern emerged between kings and Parliament?
Kings used Parliament to listen to the concerns of their subjects, and Parliament would provide the king with money needed for wars and other things.
What did de Montfort create in 1265?
He created the first Parliament which met in 1265.
What power did the barons have over Richard II?
The barons had enough power to depose Richard II.
How old was Richard II when he became king?
Richard II became king at the age of ten.
