8. international relations- the berlin wall and the cuban missile crisis Flashcards
(21 cards)
What were the reasons West Berlin became a problem for the USSR?
Economically, Ideologically, Strategically.
How many East Germans fled to West Berlin by 1961?
A total of 3.5 million East Germans fled to West Berlin by 1961.
What did Khrushchev demand from President Kennedy in July 1961?
Khrushchev demanded that President Kennedy remove all troops from Berlin. Kennedy refused and increased troops there.
What action did Khrushchev take in August 1961?
Khrushchev ordered a barbed-wire fence to be erected between the two zones of Berlin.
This was soon replaced by a wall and all free movements between the two sides were forbidden
What did the Berlin Wall symbolize during the Cold War?
The Berlin Wall remained a symbol of the division between the two superpowers throughout the Cold War.
Who overthrew the anti-Communist dictator of Cuba in 1959?
Communist Fidel Castro overthrew the anti-Communist dictator Batista. Castro was supported by funds from the USSR to protect Cuba against the USA.
What was the Bay of Pigs?
when president Kennedy attempted to overthrow Castro in 1961
What was the outcome of the Bay of Pigs invasion?
The Bay of Pigs was a disaster and a humiliation for President Kennedy.
What did the US U-2 spy plane discover over Cuba on 14 October 1962?
It took a series of photographs over Cuba and spotted launch facilities for nuclear weapons.
What was the US response to the discovery of nuclear weapons in Cuba?
Kennedy established ExComm and agreed on a naval blockade around Cuba.
What did Kennedy announce on 22 October 1962?
Kennedy announced the naval blockade around Cuba on live TV.
What was suggested in secret negotiations during the Cuban Missile Crisis?
In return for the Soviet withdrawal from Cuba, the USA would remove its Jupiter IRBMs from Turkey.
What happened during the night of 26 October 1962?
kennedys brother robert met in secret with Soviet ambassador Anatoly Dobrynin to agree on mutual withdrawal.
robert insisted that US withdrawal from turkey be kept secret
What was the brain drain?
Educated East Germans were fleeing to high-paying jobs in the West after getting a free education in the East.
Why did East Germans want to go to West Berlin?
they were aware of the higher living standards, greater access to resources and freedom which were being enjoyed in West Berlin
What characterized the Cold War tension in the 1950s and early 1960s?
A steady increase in Cold War tension as new weapons technology developed, including nuclear weapons and missiles.
What was the outcome of the Cuban Missile Crisis?
The end of the Cuban Missile Crisis led to improved relations between the U.S. and the Soviet Union.
What realization did both sides come to after the Cuban Missile Crisis?
Both sides realized how close they had come to global nuclear war.
What communication system was established after the Cuban Missile Crisis?
A ‘hotline’ telephone was set up between the White House and the Kremlin.
What treaty was agreed upon in 1963 following the Cuban Missile Crisis?
The Nuclear Test Ban Treaty was agreed in 1963.
What significance did the Cuban Missile Crisis hold in the Cold War?
The Cuban Missile Crisis was the last direct confrontation between the U.S. and the Soviet Union in the Cold War.
