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Internal diseases > 3. Skin diseases - Alopecia > Flashcards

3. Skin diseases - Alopecia Flashcards

1
Q

What is alopecia?

A

Complete or partial lack of hairs (where they normally are present)

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2
Q

What is important to remember when it comes to Alopecia?

A

It is a CLINICAL SIGN and NOT a disease

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3
Q

What are the 4 type of alopetic divisions according to areas where it is spread on skin?

A
  • Localized
  • Multifocal
  • Regional (facial, truncal, limb)
  • Generalized
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4
Q

What is the two basic classifications of alopecia?

A

Hereditary or Acquired

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5
Q

Name a few causes for development of Alopecia?

A

Most commonly - Pruritic skin disease and associated with self-trauma

  • Self-trauma from pruritus caused by
  • ectoparasitic disease
  • microbial infections
  • hypersensitivities
  • Folliculitis as a result of staphylococcal infections, dermatophytosis, demodicosis or autoimmune folliculitis
  • Failure of hair growth cycle → Endocrinopathy.
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6
Q

What are the classification of hereditary alopetic skin diseases?

A
  1. Dystrophy or abscence of hair follicles
  2. Abnormalities in the hair shaft structure
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7
Q

What is Hereditary hypotrichosis?

A
  • A congenital non-colour linked alopetic disorder that gives less hair than normal.
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8
Q

What is typical for Hereditary hypotrichosis?

A
  • Generalized truncal alopecia at birth is typical
  • Mild secondary pyoderma or seborrea may develop in dogs, comedones are common
  • Rare in both dogs and cats except in Alopetic bred breeds
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9
Q

How can Hereditary hypotrichosis be treated?

A

There is no treatment for the alopecia itself since they are bred for this appearance.

But anti-bacterial schampoos for the secondary seborrhea or pyoderma can be used - Anti-seborrheic follicular flusing

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10
Q

What is Canine primary seborrhea?
Belonging to what type of alopecia?

A
  • A hereditary disorder of keratinization
  • Hereditary Alopecia - Dystrophy or abscence of hair follicles
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11
Q

What are clinical signs of Canine Primary Seborrhoea?

A

Begin at a young age / puppyhood as mildly and worsens with age

Dull, dry hair coat, excessive scaling (dandruff), variable pruritus and crusty seborrheic patches.

Most of the body is involved.
- interdigital areas
- perineum
- face, axillae, ventral neck
- abdomen and skin folds usually most severely affected
- ceruminous otitis externa is common.

The animal usually has secondary infection with Malassezia (distinct smell).

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12
Q

Which hereditary alopetic skin diseases belongs to “Abnormalities in the hair shaft structure”?

A
  • Follicular dysplasia
  • Pattern alopecia
  • Recurrent alopecia (canine recurrent flank alopecia)
  • Sebaceous adenitis
  • Epidermal dysplasia of West Highland White Terriers
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13
Q

What is follicular dysplasia?

A

A group of genetic dermatoses characterized by a structural hair follicle abnormality –> resulting in alopecia

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14
Q

Why is it important to know about Follicular dysplasias?

A

They are important for differential diagnosis from all the endocrine alopecia

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15
Q

What are age and breed predisposition of Follicular dysplasia?

A
  • Dermatological signs starts in YOUNG dogs and progress slowly

Siberian Husky and Malamute FD – Several puppies in same liter. Reach 3 months of age, hairs on trunk become reddish and falling out gradually.

Irish water spaniel – Alopecia starts between 2 – 4 years of age mainly neck, dorsolumbar region and tail BEFORE spreading to the trunk.

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16
Q

What are clinical signs of follicular dysplasia?

A
  • Dermatological signs start in young dogs and slowly progress.
  • “Moth eaten” appearance across the dog’s trunk.
  • Scaly skin

Head and limbs usually unaffected!!!!!

17
Q

What is the most common genetic/hereditary dermatosis disease in dogs?

A

Color-dilution alopecia (Follicular dysplasia belonging to Abnormalities in the hair shaft structure)

18
Q

Give an example of a color-diluted alopecia?

A

Black hair follicular dysplasia

19
Q

Which dogs are most commonly affected by CDA?

A

CDA = Color-Dilution Alopecia

In dogs with blue/black coats - especially in Doberman but also in YT, Great Dane, Dachshund, Salukis

20
Q

What is thought to be the reason for development of black hair follicular dysplasia?

A

Poor understood but,
* Primary hair follicle dysfunction
* Abnormal melanosome transfer to keratinocytes also suscpeted in Dobermann
* Melatonin stimulating hormone deficiency

21
Q

When do clinical signs usually appear in CDA/Black hair follicular dysplasia?

A

Usually between 4 months and 3 years old

22
Q

What are clinical signs of black hair follicular dysplasia starting at early age?

A

Progressive hypotrichosis
Extensive alopecia of pigmented regions, mainly on trunk
- Short, dry, lusterless hair
- Head and limbs are often not affected or much later in life

23
Q

What is common secondary development from Black hair follicular dysplasia?

A

Pyoderma in dorsolumbal region and may cause pruritus

24
Q

Name the non-inflammatory alopecias

A
  • Pattern Alopecia
  • Recurrent flank Alopecia
25
Q

Describe Pattern alopecia

A
  • Unknown aetiology but a common dermatosis a genodermatoses. Non-inflammatory alopecia
  • Belonging to Hereditary alopecia (Abnormalities in the hair shaft structure)
26
Q

What are clinical signs to Pattern alopecia?

A

Alopecia start around 6-12 months of age on convex pinnae, ventral neck, thorax, caudal thighs, abdomen and tail.

Gradually progressing over the years but remaining localized.

27
Q

What is thought to be reason for development of Recurrent flank alopecia?

A

Unknown aetiology but suspect,
- Seasonal follicular dysfunction
- Influence of photoperiod (Melatonin and Prolactin two photo-dependent hormonens involved in hair growth)

28
Q

What are clinical signs of recurrent flank alopecia?

A
  • Non-pruritic, non-inflamed
  • Well-defined bordered alopecia limited to the thoracolumbar region that is often unilateral.
  • Skin is often hyperpigmented.
  • Cyclical alopecia of convex pinnae, bridge of nose and caudal thighs.
  • Similar to Pattern Alopecia which is NOT cyclical
29
Q

What is Sebaceous adenitis?

A

Poorly understood. A destructive inflammatory disease of sebaceous gland

30
Q

What characterizes Sebaceous adenitis?

A

Mild or severe scaling of head, face, ear, neck, dorsum and tail.
Sebum production = moist alopecia with potential pruritus.

Pruritus if secondary Malassezia infection.

31
Q

How can the skin disease Sebaceous adenitis be spread on body?

A

May remain localized, be multifocal or general over trunk

32
Q

In which breeds are Sebaceous adenitis thought to be an autosomal recessive disease?

A

Poodles and Akitas

33
Q

How can Sebaceous adenitis be treated?

A
  • Essential FA
  • Prednisone (corticosteroid)
  • Vitamin A
  • Antimitotic ATB

Any secondary bacterial or Malassezia infection should be treated with appropriate systemic medication.

34
Q

What is special with West Highland White Terriers?

A

They are the only breed with having inherited disorder of keratinization (dysplastic epidermis) which is predisposed to secondary Malassezial infection and allergy

35
Q

What is Epidermal dysplasia?

A

Severe chronic dermatosis
Characterized by pruritus, seborrhea and lichenification

Occurihg in West Highland White Terriers

36
Q

What are clinical signs of Epidermal dysplasia?

A
  • Development of greasy hair coat
  • Moderate pruritus of face, ears, limbs, feet and ventral body.

As it becomes chronic:
- Intensified pruritus
- Widespread pyoderma – > alopecia, scaling, crusting, lichenification and hyperpigmentation

37
Q

Name classification of acquired alopecia

A

Divided into traumatic and non-traumatic.

Traumatic:
* Pruritic dermatoses
* Physical and chemical assault

Non-traumatic: (NOT PRURITIC)
* Endochrinopathy
* Tumors

38
Q

Name 4 acquired alopecia diseases except the traumatic and non-traumatic ones.

A
  • Canine Pattern Baldness
  • Idiopathic Bald Thigh Syndrome
  • Feline Preauricular and Pinnal Alopecias
  • Demodicosis
39
Q

Is Follicular dysplasia genetic or not? Which endocrinological disease is it similar to?

A

Suspected and has been genetically proven in some cases.

Similar to Hypoestrogonism

Internal diseases (9 decks)

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