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Internal diseases > 7. Ear diseases - Otitis externa, media, interna > Flashcards

7. Ear diseases - Otitis externa, media, interna Flashcards

1
Q

What is otitis externa?

A

Inflammation of the external ear canal

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2
Q

What is the first to rule out in case of otitis externa?

A

Presence of parasites - Otodectes cynotis mainly

Mites!!!

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3
Q

What can be the cause for development of otitis externa and important to rule out as an underlying cause?

A
  • Parasites - Otodectes cynotis, Notoedres, Sarcoptes scabiei
  • Allergies - Atopy, food hypersensitivity, contact allergy
  • Autoimmune disorder - Pemphigus
  • Endocrinopathies - hypothryeosis, hyperstrogonism
  • Idiopathic seborrhea - cocker spaniel
  • Foreign body - grass
  • Bacteria - Staph. pseudointermedium, Proteus mirabilis, P. aeruginosa
  • Yeast - Malassezia pachydermatis
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4
Q

Clinical signs of otitis externa

A
  • Headshaking, scratching or rubbing ears (pruritus)
  • Odour
  • Pain on manipulation of the ear
  • Exudate, redness and edema of external ear canal.
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5
Q

Exudate caused by otodectes cynotis is shown in cats as:

A

Exudate usually black, dry, crusty, debris in the ear

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6
Q

Exudate caused by otodectes cynotis is shown in dogs as:

A

Exudate is blackish and more moist

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7
Q

How can otitis externa be diagnosed?

A

According to history and clinical examination, then can do further
- Otoscopy
- Skin scraping
- Cytology: Cultivation to determine bacteria present
- Radiograph
- Biopsy

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8
Q

Otitis externa exudate appearance in case of parasites?

A

Dark, dry cerumen

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9
Q

Otitis externa exudate appearance in case of bacteria?

A

Moist, yellow, odorous

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10
Q

Otitis externa exudate appearance in case of yeast?

A

Brown, waxy, acidic

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11
Q

Otitis externa exudate appearance in case of keratinization disorder?

A

Yellow, oily cerumen

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12
Q

In case of chronic otitis with an edematous ear flap, where it is difficult to evaluate ear canal, what to do?

If ear drum breaks?

A
  • Give anti-inflammatory to decrease edema.
  • After a few days otoscopy/endoscopy possible to use w/o anesthesia if very painful.

In case of broken ear drum: Do not apply drug –> ototoxic!
- Give oral ATB

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13
Q

Which bacteria is most common for causing long term otitis?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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14
Q

How can otitis be treated?

A

Se notes för mer förklaring-

  • Number one thing is CLEAN (chorhexidine) or if suspected ear drum rupture - saline flusing
  • Cerumenolytics
  • Keratinolytic
  • Drying solutions - careful in ulcerations of ear canal
  • Glucocorticoids
  • Antiparasitic
  • ATB
  • Topical antifungal agents - If caused by Malassezia or Candida
  • Systemic therapy - Short acting corticosteroids (Prednisone) used for ruptured ear drum

In case of ulcerations - Ivermectin

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15
Q

What is otitis media?

A

Inflammation within the middle ear.
Affects ear drum, auditory and eusthachian tube, auditory ossicles and tympanic nerve, continuation from OE

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16
Q

What is etiology of otitis media?

A

In dogs - often secondary to otitis externa as a chronic process
In cats - mostly due to bacterial or virus infections of upper airways

17
Q

What does a blue colored pathological ear drum mean?

A

Intratympanic bleeding

18
Q

What does a red colored pathological ear drum mean?

A

Acute otitis media

19
Q

What does a white colored pathological ear drum mean?

A

Pus

20
Q

What does an amber colored pathological ear drum mean?

A

Serous exudate

21
Q

How does pathology of ear drum looks like?

A

Dull, turbid

Should be concave, transparent, grey, lustrously

22
Q

What are clinical signs of otitis media?

A

Similar to otitis externa since its a chronic development
- transmission of pharyngeal infection
- hematogenous infection
- salivation
- Absent palpebral reflex
- Horner syndrome –> ipsilateral miosis, ptosis, enopthalamus
- Keratitis sicca

23
Q

What is otitis interna?

A

Inflammation within the inner ear.
Affecting cochlear, vestibular and semicircular apparatus.

Generally results from otitis media

24
Q

What is reason for development of otitis interna?

A
  • Left untreated otitis media
  • Tumors
25
Q

What are clinical signs of otitis interna?

A

Typically neurological signs:
- Head tilt
- Circling
- Horizontal or rotational nystagmus
- Vomitus
- Ataxia
- Deafness if bilateral affection

More common with more general neurological signs

Internal diseases (9 decks)

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