3. stabilizing, directional, and disruptive selection

Question 1

natural selection doesn’t look at genotype it looks at …

Answer 1

phenotypes it looks at weather it is brown, green, long, short

Question 2

define evolutionary fitness

Answer 2

measure of how many offspring an individual has compared to others in that generation

Question 3

genotypes =

Answer 3

track evolutionary changes

Question 4

high fitness =

Answer 4

more offspring in the next generation

Question 5

define quantitative traits

Answer 5

show continuous variation (bell curve) describe it in numbers that can be counted (DISRUPTIVE SELECTION)

Question 6

define qualitative traits

Answer 6

influenced by 1 or few alleles example being brown vs yellow, short vs long

Question 7

there are #__ main categories for how natural selection can operate on ______ _____ name them:

Answer 7

3
quantitative traits
directional, disruptive, and stabilizing

Question 8

describe stabalzing selection

Answer 8

average phenotype (stablize around center/mean)

Question 9

define directional selection

Answer 9

favor individuals at 1 end of the bell curve over evolutionary time the population will move in 1 direction

Question 10

define disruptive selection

Answer 10

favor individuals at both ectrenme ends so fewer at the center/middle l

Question 11

weight ex; individuals with mean weight (intermediate weight) for stablaicing selection would be?

Answer 11

more fit so more offspring than the one that are very small or very large

Question 12

weight ex: for directional selection the _______ fitness is at #__ extreme end of the population so over evolutionary time ….

Answer 12

highest
1
shift to 1 side

Question 13

disruptive selection means?

Answer 13

both extremes are more extreme than the middle

Question 14

define frequency dependent selection

Answer 14

the more common the trait is the less fitness that trait give (side mouth fish example)

Question 15

evolutionary is constrained by ___________ in cell size (too big)

Answer 15

SA- to - V ratio

Question 16

organism size I contained by ______

Answer 16

SA - to - V ratio

Question 17

protein folding constrained by?

Answer 17

types of bonds such as covalent, ionic, hydrophobic and hydrogen bonds

Question 18

low of theordynaic contained by

Answer 18

energy transfers

Question 19

in order for a trait to evolve a allele for that trait has to be?

Answer 19

exist

Question 20

what constrains evolution

Answer 20

history and trade offs

Question 21

define trade offs

Answer 21

any adaptation/allel both befits and costs

Question 22

in order to evolve the benefits of a traits have to?

Answer 22

outweight the costs so the trade off between benefits and costs has to be IN FAVOR of the benefits or else that traits will not evolve