3. Traits

Question 1

What’s an issue with personality type categories?

Answer 1

all this or all that thinking

Question 2

What does Jung say about being more introverted or extraverted?

Answer 2

more introverted - more internal concern eg self
more extraverted - more external concern eg world

Question 3

The 4 categories for Myers & Briggs MBTI types:

Answer 3

introverted vs extraverted
sensing vs intuition
thinking vs feeling
judging vs perceiving

Question 4

Issues with the MBTIs? (4)

Answer 4

could be high for contradicting ones
not ‘all’ of one - eg introverted and extraverted
not independent
not reliable - no evidence

Question 5

Traits are…of personality?

Answer 5

dimensions

Question 6

What are traits like in terms of vary but stability?

Answer 6

traits can vary but they are relatively stable - you are mainly that trait - consistent over time

Question 7

Where are ‘real traits’ established from?
(eg where do they come from)

Answer 7

character, behaviour, moods, talents, physicality

Question 8

What did Webster try to do with mood vs permanent words?
And what’s an example of it? (nostalgia)

Answer 8

tried to distinguish between temporary mood words and actual traits
eg feeling nostalgic vs being a nostalgic person

Question 9

What are Allport’s 3 non-common traits?

Answer 9

cardinal
central
secondary

Question 10

What are cardinal traits? (Allport)

Answer 10

non-individual traits
cannot categorise people as lots have these traits
eg hard-working

Question 11

What are central traits? (Allport)

Answer 11

typically 5-1 words to describe someone

Question 12

What are secondary traits? (Allport)

Answer 12

more specific to someone
eg rather than hard-working - works well in a team

Question 13

What’s the main trait method used by theorists?

Answer 13

factor analysis

Question 14

What is factor analysis?

Answer 14

narrowing down a massive list of possible independent traits

Question 15

For factor analysis, what does the cluster method mean?
(eg correlation)

Answer 15

look for clusters of traits that go together (correlate) eg fun, lively - but don’t correlate with other clusters eg messy, disorganised

Question 16

What is Block’s criticism of the five factor model?

Answer 16

if data has been done in a way that makes certain factors more likely to be found, this is weak support

Question 17

What is Cattell’s 16 PF and what did he use to test it?

Answer 17

extended factors he thought were missing from Allport’s list
used professions like writers and pilots

Question 18

What are Han Eysenck’s big 2?

Answer 18

extraversion and introversion
stable/unstable

Question 19

What are the 5 factor traits (OCEAN) by Costa and McCrae?

Answer 19

open
conscientious
extraversion
agreeable
neurotic

Question 20

What are some facets of agreeableness?

Answer 20

the average of how high you rate on things
modesty, trust, altruism, sympathy, compassionate etc

Question 21

What does rank order stability/change mean?

Answer 21

people’s trait scores are relative to other people’s over time

Question 22

What are McAdams’ level 1, 2 and 3 called?

Answer 22

1. dispositional traits
2. personal concerns
3. life narrative

Question 23

What are 3 reasons for potential personality change?

Answer 23

trauma
context eg family
dissociative identity disorder

Question 24

What’s DSM-V personality psychopathology and what’s an issue with it?

Answer 24

how people score for antisocial personality traits
problem - homosexuality used to be a ‘disorder’