4. Socio-cognitive learning theories (eg. Pavlov dogs, Bandura bobo)

Question 1

What did Mischel review and find?

Answer 1

reviewed correlations between trait scores and behaviours over (similar) situations
correlations of over 30

Question 2

Explain how pavlov’s dog salivation study showed classical conditioning:

Answer 2

salivation because of association
bell + meat//lab coat = salivate

Question 3

What is positive reinforcement?
+ negative/extinction?

Answer 3

behaviour repeated for rewards
negative - behaviour not repeated when punishments

Question 4

What psychologist tested reinforcement with pigeons pellets?

Answer 4

BF Skinner

Question 5

What is vicarious (observational) conditioning?

Answer 5

witnessing others’ reactions and making yourself have that too - eg a fear of snakes (Mikeka et al)

Question 6

What objects did Bandura use to test imitation and frustration?

Answer 6

construction toys vs bobo toys/dolls

Question 7

Quick recap of Bandura’s method:

Answer 7

kids watched one of two parent treatment of toy
kids taken away, told they can’t play

Question 8

What were some findings of the bobo study?

Answer 8

kids who didn’t see aggressive behaviour - didn’t imitate/be aggressive
boys - copied physical aggression of dad’s, girls - verbal

Question 9

What’s a limitation of Bandura’s bobo study?

Answer 9

kids didn’t copy adults when adults were punished
rewards made kids copy more
more about punishments/rewards than just copying violent behaviour

Question 10

What are the 2 types of situation-specific personality characteristics?

Answer 10

1. competencies - skills
2. cognition - beliefs

Question 11

What’s self-efficacy?

Answer 11

someone’s belief about whether than can carry out tasks/behaviours