3-Urinary System

Question 1

Main components of the urinary system

Answer 1

Kidneys
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra

Question 2

Kidneys(general function)

Answer 2

2 parts

Produce urine as a filtrate of blood

Question 3

Ureters(general function)

Answer 3

2 parts

Connects the Kidney and bladder

Question 4

Bladder(General function)

Answer 4

Single

Storage area of urine

Question 5

Urethra

Answer 5

Single

Leads urine from bladder and delivers it out of the body

Question 6

Renal corpuscle (general

Answer 6

Contains the glomerulus surrounded by Bownman’s capsule

Question 7

Nephron(general)

Answer 7

The structural and functional unit of the kidney

Includes: Renal corpuscle, Series of tubular sections, and collecting tubules and ducts.

Question 8

Ultrafiltrate

Answer 8

Filtered substance BEFORE modifiation

Question 9

Filtrate

Answer 9

Filtered substance DURING modification

Question 10

Urine

Answer 10

Filtered substance AFTER modification is complete

Question 11

Hilum

Answer 11

Concave part of the kidney.

Nerve and vessels enter and exit.

Question 12

Renal pelvis

Answer 12

Is the ureter when it expands into the kidney at the hilum

Question 13

2 layers of the kidney

Answer 13

Cortex(outer)

Medulla(inner)

Question 14

Medullary pyramids

Answer 14

parts of the renal medulla shaped as pyramids that eventually drain into the renal pelvis
-6-18 pyramids in the medulla

Question 15

Renal papilla

Answer 15

The tip of the medullary pyramid that points towards the hilum

Question 16

Minor calyx

Answer 16

The tubule that connects to a single medullary pyramid

Question 17

Major calyx

Answer 17

Where multiple minor calyx join into a bigger tubule

Question 18

Where do all major calyx drain into?

Answer 18

The renal pelvis

Question 19

Cortical(renal) Columns

Answer 19

The part of the cortex that is inbetween two adjacent pyramids

Question 20

Cortical arch

Answer 20

Part of the cortex at the base of the pyramids

Question 21

Renal lobe

Answer 21

Each medullary pyramid and the surrounding cortex(arch and cortical columns

Question 22

Medullary rays

Answer 22

Part of the cortex that looks like the medulla that contains the collecting ducts

Question 23

Order of the artery branches in the kidney

Answer 23

1)Renal artery
2)Segmental arteries
3)interlobAR arteries
4)arcuate arteries
5)interlobULAR arteries
6)afferent arterioles
7)efferent arterioles
8)Either- A)Peritubular capillary
plexus (PTCP)
B)Vasa recta

Question 24

Interlobar arteries(location)

Answer 24

Run between pyramids

Question 25

Arcuate arteries

Answer 25

Run along the cortical arch side of the medullary pyramids

Question 26

Interlobular arteries

Answer 26

Run from the base of the pyramids to the surface of the cortex

Question 27

Afferent arterioles

Answer 27

Passes blood to the capillaries of the glomerulus

Question 28

Efferent arterioles

Answer 28

The blood from glomerulus is emptied into them

Question 29

Peritubular capillary | plexus (PTCP)

Answer 29

Capillary bed that supplies the cortex

Question 30

Vasa recta

Answer 30

Capillary bed that follows the Henle's loop in the medulla | -are straight(recta)

Question 31

Venous branches(list)

Answer 31

PTCP empties into the interlobular veins - Inter lobular veins and Vasa recta empty into the Arcuate veins - Interlobar Veins - Branches of renal vein(segmental veins) - Renal vein

Question 32

Nephron(parts in order)

Answer 32

1)Renal corpuscle 2)Proximal convoluted tubule 3)Proximal straight tubule 4)Thick descending limb 5)Thin descending limb 6)Thin ascending limb (Thin limbs are called loop of Henle together) 7)Distal straight tubule aka Thick ascending tubule 8) Distal convoluted tubule

Question 33

The renal corpuscle(location)

Answer 33

Only in the cortex

Question 34

Glomerulus

Answer 34

A tuft of capillaries

Question 35

Bowman's capsule

Answer 35

- Viseral layer-Epithelial cells are podocytes | - Parietal layer-epithelial cells are squamous

Question 36

Direction of drainage in renal corpuscle

Answer 36

- From vascular pole to urinary pole | - Blood vessels enter and leave from the vascular pole

Question 37

What vessel enters the golmerulus

Answer 37

The afferent arteriole

Question 38

What vessel exits the golmerulus

Answer 38

The efferent arteriole

Question 39

What kind of capillaries are glomerulular capillaries?

Answer 39

Fenestrated capillaries

Question 40

What helps the blood to filter in the glomerulus?

Answer 40

The higher resistance in the efferent arterioles

Question 41

Two main processes of the podocyte and function

Answer 41

- primary process(Larger branches) - secondary process or pedicels (smaller branches off the primary processes that interdigitate and allow for the filtering of the blood)

Question 42

Spaces between secondary processes

Answer 42

Filtration slits

Question 43

What covers the filtration slits?

Answer 43

Slit diaphragm

Question 44

What is the fluid that comes out of the filtration barrier(capillary,slit, and diaphragm complex)?

Answer 44

Ultrafiltrate

Question 45

Proximal tubule(parts)

Answer 45

- Proximal convoluted tubule(PCT) | - Proximal straight tubule(pars recta)

Question 46

Proximal tubule(structure, function, location)

Answer 46

- Simple cuboidal epithelium with microvilli brush border - Absorbs organic nutrients, ions, water, and plasma proteins and releases them into the interstitial fluid - PCT only in cortex - Straight portion enters medulla as thick descending limb)

Question 47

Cell type in thin limb?

Answer 47

Simple Squamous Epithelium

Question 48

What tubule is after the thin ascending once it enters the medulla?

Answer 48

Distal straight tubule or thick ascending limb

Question 49

Difference between PCT and DCT cells?

Answer 49

No brush border on the DCT cells

Question 50

Juxtaglomerular apparaus(JGA)

Answer 50

Feedback structure that keeps filtration rate consistent - Part of/contacts the Distal tubule - has endocrine role

Question 51

Drainage tubules after DCT(in order)

Answer 51

- Collecting tubules - collecting ducts - minor calyx

Question 52

Collecting ducts(function and cell type)

Answer 52

- Modify filtrate - have simple cuboidal or columnar epithelium - Light and dark cells

Question 53

Light cells(principal cells)

Answer 53

Involved in water permeability

Question 54

Dark cells(intercalated cells)

Answer 54

-transport and secrete H+ and or bicarbonate modulating acid-base balance

Question 55

Epithelium lining of calyxes, renal pelvis and ureter

Answer 55

Transitional epithelium

Question 56

Ureter(function and structure)

Answer 56

- Mucousa-transitional epithelial lining, lamina propria(CT layer) - Muscularis- SM organized into 3 layers - muscle contraction conveys urine towards bladder, vale at the base of the bladder to prevent back flow

Question 57

Urinary bladder(function/structure)

Answer 57

- Storage site for urine - Transitional epithelium in in fold when empty and stretch out when full - Muscularis- 3 layers - Adventitia and serosa- CT w/ elastic fibers

Question 58

Urethra

Answer 58

Carries urine from bladder to external environment - Male is longer consists of 3 segments. Also runs thorugh the prostate gland carries sperm and urine - Female urethra is strictly a urinary organ