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Geography > Population > Flashcards

Population Flashcards

0
Q

Why are there fewer people in mountainous areas

A 
No farming
Hard to build infrastructure and houses 
Generally colder and wetter
Landslides or avalanches
Isolated
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1
Q

Definition of population

A

Density of people in a certain area (total population/total area of land)

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2
Q

Reasons for Glasgow and Edinburgh being populated areas

A 
Near large rivers
Glasgow important for ship building
Water for power 
Coal found close 
Fertile land
Jobs available
Scottish government in Edinburgh
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3
Q

Reasons for population distribution

A 
High temperatures 
Lots of rain 
Dense forest 
Unpleasant living conditions 
Fertile soil 
Flat land 
Resources for industry
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4
Q

Where in continents is population concentrated

A

Edges not middle

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5
Q

Most crowded continents

A

Europe and Asia

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6
Q

Population distribution in India separate

A

High relief is lower and flat land is higher
Importation and exportation available in South so population is higher here
Dense population in industrial areas and sparse in woods/forest

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7
Q

Population distribution in India overall

A

Dense in South

Sparse in the centre, Far East, far north and North East

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8
Q

Birth rate definition

A

Number of babies born per thousand people per year

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9
Q

Death rate definition

A

Number of people who die per thousand people per year

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10
Q

Natural increase definition

A

Difference between the birth and death rate- birth rate must be higher than death rate for natural increase

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11
Q

Natural decrease definition

A

Difference between birth and rate- death rate must be higher than birth rate for natural decrease

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12
Q

Young population on jobs

A

Low unemployment

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13
Q

Demographic transition model stage 1

Why high birth rate?

A

High birth rate because
Population growth is stable
Parents needed children to look after them in old age
Lack of contraceptives
Sometimes you’d get more land with more children

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14
Q

Demographic transition model stage 1

Why high death rate?

A 
High death rate because 
Lack of medical help 
High disease rate 
Close living conditions 
Lack of sanitation 
Lack of clean water
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15
Q

Society and population growth in DTM stage 1

A

Subsistence farming, agricultural society

Population growth is stable

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16
Q

Demographic transition model stage 2

Why high birth rate?

A 
Help for farming and care in old age 
Continue family name 
Girls not accepted 
Contraceptives not easily obtainable
More people overall to have children
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17
Q

Demographic transition model stage 2

Why lower death rate?

A

Better sanitation and hygiene
Water clean
Improved education
More medicine and readily available

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18
Q

Society and population growth in DTM stage 2

A

Farming still dominated society with close living conditions and an increasing population but death rate is high but decreasing

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19
Q 
Demographic transition model stage 3
Why high (falling) birth rate?
A 
Accepting of contraception 
Children can no longer work-expense
People married later 
Women became more independent 
Pensions in production
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20
Q

Demographic transition model stage 3

Why low birth rate?

A

Fewer women dying in child birth

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21
Q

Society and population growth in DTM stage 3

A

Population aren’t dependant on farming and most people are working on manufacturing industry and some in service industry

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22
Q

Demographic transition model stage 4

Why low birth rate?

A
  • all previous reasons
  • abortions introduced into societies
  • pensions introduced
  • women expect careers so decide on children and later in life
  • single lifestyle becoming more accepted
  • marriage without immediate children accepted
  • homosexuality more common
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23
Q

Demographic transition model stage 4

Why low death rate?

A
  • huge improvements in medicine
  • healthier lifestyles
  • high education
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24
Q

Society and population growth in DTM stage 4

A

Most people employed in service industry

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25
Q

Demographic transition model stage 5 predictions

A

Low birth rate and death rate because children are expensive and older population- not enough young people to work

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26
Q

What is a population pyramid

A

A graph which shows the structure of a countries population in age and gender

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27
Q

Shape of population pyramid in LDC DTM in stage 1

A

Triangle point at top at 60

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28
Q

Shape of population pyramid in LDC DTM in stage 2

A

Larger triangle (tip 80)

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29
Q

Shape of population pyramid in LDC DTM in stage 3

A

Straight then triangle on top (80)

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30
Q

Shape of population pyramid in MDC DTM in stage 4

A

Curved flat at top

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31
Q

Consequences of a high birth rate

A
  • large % of young people
  • growing population
  • can lead to overcrowding
  • low education because too many kids
  • can outstrip resources eg land
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32
Q

Solution to high birth rate

A
  • restrict amount of children allowed
  • give benefits to those with less children (education, excess land and healthcare)
  • examples are China and Kerela
33
Q

Consequences of an ageing population

A
  • too many elderly and they are dependant on young people

- not enough money into the economy

34
Q

Solution to high birth rate

A
  • older retirement age so more workers
  • encourage funding own pensions
  • import people and encourage them to work to keep up economy
  • example is France, people were given financial help with more children
35
Q

4 major factors affecting population growth

A

Agricultural change
Urbanisation
Education
Emancipation/status of women

36
Q

Agricultural change

A

Occurs in early development
Technology improves
Less labour
Rapid economic growth

37
Q

Urbanisation

A

Rural to urban migration in poorer countries

Better education

38
Q

Education

A

Improves

Economic disadvantage to children

39
Q

Emancipation and status of women

A

Education increases and opportunities for girls increase
Larger workforce required
Women participate
Equality increases

40
Q

Issues surrounding an ageing population

A
  • too many jobs and not enough people
  • trade low
  • taxes not payed
  • different care needs
  • pensions put strain on government
41
Q

Why is birth rate low at the moment?

A
  • married later
  • have children later
  • women have careers
  • health care good, low infant mortality rate
  • money to support retired people
42
Q

George Magnus on population

A

Richer and developing countries have ageing populations

Life expectancy from 69-1950 to 85-2500

43
Q

Coping with ageing population in the UK

A
  • encourage private pensions
  • increase retirement age
  • low interest rates
  • distribution of elderly population
44
Q

Benefits of an ageing population

A
  • more leisure time so money into economy
  • won’t holiday in regular holiday season so will extend the holiday season
  • voluntary work and national trust employ retired people
45
Q

Ageing population in the EU

A
  • very low birth rates
  • children later so not as many
  • women have 1.5 but to sustain population it must be 2.1
  • Western Europe have higher birth rates than in Eastern Europe
46
Q

What is migration?

A

Movement of people from one permanent home to another with the intention of staying at least a year

47
Q

What is a migrant

A

Person who’s moved from one place to another to live and work there

48
Q

What’s an immigrant

A

Person who has moved into a country to live and work

49
Q

What’s an emigrant

A

A person who has left a country to live an work elsewhere

50
Q

Internal migration example (and issues)

A

In the UK, when people retire they often move to coastal locations eg Isle of Wight
This can be bad because partner can die and then they won’t know anyone in the are so can be isolated

51
Q

Push factors in migration

A 
Natural disasters 
Low income 
House shortages 
Intolerance 
High unemployment 
Political or social unrest 
Difficult climate
52
Q

Pull factors in migration

A 
Job prospects 
Health care 
High standard of living
Improved housing (more readily available)
Racial and religious tolerance 
High wage
Attractive environment 
Educational opportunities
53
Q

Advantages to host country

A
  • work force expanded
  • people will do less attractive jobs
  • money spent by these people
  • enriches culture
54
Q

Disadvantages to host country

A
  • jobs taken up
  • strain on country in housing and healthcare
  • areas become ghettos as people move to where there are people of the same origin
  • schools have to supply teachers with diff language, parent feel less attention is on their child
  • money sent back to home country for family (money taken out not put in)
  • racism in political parties
  • strain on transport
  • rising birth rate
55
Q

Advantages to home county of migration

A
  • money coming in which boosts economy
  • no strain on respects
  • people may return with valuable skills
  • more disposable income for those who return
56
Q

Disadvantages to home country of migration

A
  • smaller population (ageing)
  • skilled workers leave
  • fewer people adding to economy
  • technological development slowed
  • money put into elderly population, education may be less good
57
Q

Migration within the EU 200-2004

A

2004-2006 UK received 600,000 Eastern European migrants

58
Q

How many countries in Europe

A

28 countries

59
Q

Law within the EU for migration

A

EU residents can travel to other EU countries without legal right and can live and work there

60
Q

Immigration in Spain

A

Grew by 400% in 10 years in early 21st century

61
Q

Immigration in UK growth prediction

A

40% over 40 years

62
Q

What are asylum seekers

A

People who are at risk in their home country

1/3 of EU immigrants claim to be this

63
Q

Bosnian war refugee distribution figures

A

400,000- Germany

64
Q

Iraq and Afghanistan asylum seekers distribution

A

2 million
70,000 lived in Sweden
Others in Netherlands, UK, Germany, Greece and Belgium

65
Q

Asylum requested from Iraq to the UK

A

2007- 38,286
2006- 19,376
Largest group seeking refugees in the EU

66
Q

DTM stage 1 country

A

Traditional rainforest tribes

67
Q

DTM stage 2 country

A

Afghanistan

68
Q

DTM stage 3 country

A

Brazil

69
Q

DTM stage 4 country

A

Usa

70
Q

DTM stage 5 country

A

Germany

71
Q

Social advantages to Indonesia transmigration (losing)

A 
More space for families
More pleasant surroundings
Less diseases spreading 
More farming- More money from this
Life quality improved 
More working opportunities
72
Q

Economic advantages to Indonesia transmigration (losing)

A

More work opportunities
More money in government
Improved healthcare and infrastructure

73
Q

Environmental advantages to Indonesia transmigration (losing)

A 
Less pollution 
Less erosion 
Less littering 
More farming land 
Less flooding
74
Q

Social and economic advantages to Indonesia transmigration (gaining)

A 
Better in infrastructure 
More roads 
More schools 
More houses 
More money from tourism 
Better hospitals
75
Q

Environmental advantages to Indonesia transmigration (gaining)

A

Better access inland

Tourism for environment

76
Q

Social disadvantages to Indonesia transmigration (losing)

A

Birth rate still increasing

Families split and elderly left

77
Q

Economic disadvantages to Indonesia transmigration (losing)

A

Not enough young people to do jobs

78
Q

Social disadvantages to Indonesia transmigration (gaining)

A

Local tribes losing land
Conflict created
Leads to dissatisfaction with the government

79
Q

Environmental disadvantages to Indonesia transmigration (gaining)

A

More pollution
Deforestation
Erosion
Loss of habitats

Geography (6 decks)

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