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H.O.E > Test 4 Terms > Flashcards

Test 4 Terms Flashcards

0
Q

Abduction

A

Movement away from the midline

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1
Q

Abdominal Cavity

A

Area in front of body containing stomach, small intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen

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2
Q

Adduction

A

Movement towards the midline

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3
Q

Adipose tissue

A

Fatty tissue; fat

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4
Q

Afferent nerves

A

Nerves that carries impulses to central nervous system

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5
Q

Amphiarthrosis

A

Slightly moveable joint

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6
Q

Amount of blood in humans

A

1.2-1.5 gallons in average adult body

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7
Q

Anatomic position

A

Standing straight up, hand down to sides palms facing front

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8
Q

Anatomy

A

The study of the structure of an organism

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9
Q

Anterior

A

Before or in the front

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10
Q

Aorta artery

A

Largest artery in body; carries blood away from heart

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11
Q

Aortic valve

A

Flap or cusp located between left ventricle of heart and aorta

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12
Q

apnea

A

absence of respirations

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13
Q

arachnoid membrane

A

thin layer of tissue covers a cavity

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14
Q

arteries

A

blood vessels that carry blood away from heart

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15
Q

arterioles

A

smallest branch of artery; vessel connects to capillaries

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16
Q

axon

A

long, threadlike part of nerve; impulses conducted from cell body to other cells

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17
Q

basophils

A

type of white blood cells produced in bone marrow

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18
Q

biceps brachii

A

large muscle in upper arm turns hand and flexes arm/forearm

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19
Q

bicuspid valve

A

aortic valve; regulates blood flow from heart into aorta

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20
Q

biology

A

the study of life

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21
Q

bradycardia

A

slow heart rate; usually below 60 beats per minute

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22
Q

buccal cavity

A

outside surface of posterior teeth, facing teeth

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23
Q

capillaries

A

tiny blood vessels that allows exchange of nutrients and gases between blood and body cells

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24
Q

cardiac muscle

A

myocardium; muscular tissue of the heart

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25
Q

cardia sphincter

A

ringlike muscle; closes a natural passage in the heart

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26
Q

carotid artery

A

runs up neck;carries blood to rest of body

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27
Q

cataract

A

eye becomes cloudy, leads to blindness

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28
Q

cellular respirations

A

series of metabolic processes; living cells produce energy

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29
Q

centrosome

A

area of cell cytoplasm that has two centioles; aid in reproduction of the cell

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30
Q

cerbellum

A

dorsal section of brain; maintains balance and equilibrium

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31
Q

cerebrum

A

largest section of brain; sensory interpretation and voluntary muscle activity

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32
Q

cervix of uterus

A

entrance to or lower part of the uterus

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33
Q

chromatin

A

in nucleus; contains chromosomes with genes that carry genetics

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34
Q

cilia

A

hairlike projections

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35
Q

ciliary body

A

thicken part of eye; connects choroid and iris

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36
Q

circulatory system

A

permits blood to circulate and transports nutrients and other things to and from cells

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37
Q

circumduction

A

moving a joint in a circular motion

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38
Q

cirrhosis

A

chronic disease; liver cells are damaged and replaced by scar tissue

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39
Q

clotting proteins

A

13 of them; switch on when blood vessel is damaged; tries to fix the vessels

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40
Q

cochlea

A

snail-shaped section in inner ear; contains corti for hearing

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41
Q

color of blood

A

little blood: dark red, almost blue

regular: red

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42
Q

conjunctiva

A

mucous membrane that lines eyelids and covers anterior part of the eye

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43
Q

connective tissue

A

body tissue that connects, supports, or binds organs together

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44
Q

contractility

A

the ability of a muscle to contact

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45
Q

contracture

A

tightening or shortening of a muscle

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46
Q

cornea

A

transparent part of sclera; allows rays to enter eye

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47
Q

coronal plane

A

frontal plane; imaginary line; divides body into a front and a back

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48
Q

coronary artery

A

supplies the heart with blood; two main ones

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49
Q

cranial cavity

A

cavity in the brain

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50
Q

deltoid

A

triangular muscle in uppermost part of the arm; top of the shoulder

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51
Q

dendrite

A

short extension of nerve cell; transmits impulses

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52
Q

diapysis

A

the shaft, or middle section, of a long bone

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53
Q

diarthosis

A

a freely moveable joint

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54
Q

diastolic

A

measurement of blood pressure taken when heart is at rest

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55
Q

diencephalon

A

section of brian between cerebrum and midbrain

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56
Q

digestive system

A

stomach, liver, gallbladder, appendix, etc.; breaks down foods and nutrients

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57
Q

distal

A

most distant from the midline

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58
Q

dorsal

A

pertaining to the back

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59
Q

dorsal cavity

A

the back; cranial and spinal cavity

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60
Q

dura mater

A

thick membrane; outermost of the three layers of meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord

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61
Q

dyspnea

A

difficult of labored breathing

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62
Q

efferent nerves

A

carry impulses away from central nervous system

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63
Q

ejaculatory ducts

A

in males; duct or tube from seminal vesicle to urethra

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64
Q

elasticity

A

the ability to go back to normal position

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65
Q

embolus

A

a blood clot or mass circulating in the blood vessels

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66
Q

endocrine system

A

gland that secrete hormones into circulatory system

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67
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

allows for the transportation in and out of the nucleus

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68
Q

endosteum

A

membrane lining medullary canal of a bone

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69
Q

eosinophils

A

a white blood cell; containing granules readily stained by eosin

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70
Q

epididymis

A

tightly coiled tube in scrotal sac; connects testes with the vas

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71
Q

epilepsy

A

chronic disease of nervous system with convulsions

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72
Q

epiphysis

A

the end or head of a long bone

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73
Q

epithelial tissue

A

tissue that forms skin and parts of the secreting glands

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74
Q

erythrocytes

A

red blood cells

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75
Q

excitability

A

muscle that responds to stimulation by nerves and hormones to regulate muscle activity

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76
Q

external respirations

A

gas exchange across respiratory membrane in lungs

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77
Q

factors influencing blood pressure

A

excersise, nutrition, alcohol, stress, smoke, et.

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78
Q

factors influencing temperature

A

metabolism, time of day, age, gender, sicknesses

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79
Q

false ribs

A

same as floating ribs; any of the lower ribs that are not directly attached to the breastbone

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80
Q

fascia

A

fibrous membrane covering, supporting, and separating muscles

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81
Q

femoral artery

A

large artery in thigh; provid oxygenated blood to tissues in the leg

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82
Q

flexion

A

decreasing the angle between two parts; bending a limb

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83
Q

loating ribs

A

any of the lower ribs that are not directly attached to breastbone

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84
Q

fontanels

A

area between cranial bones where they haven’t fused together; soft spots

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85
Q

frontal plane

A

imaginary line that separates the body into a front and a back

86
Q

function of bile

A

aids in emulsification of fats during digestion

87
Q

functions of thrombocytes

A

blood cell required for blood clotting

88
Q

fondus of uterus

A

top portion of uterus; opposit of the cervix

89
Q

gastrocnemius

A

cheif muscle of the calf; flexes the knee and foot

90
Q

gluteus maxims

A

the largest of the three muscles in the buttox; move the thighs

91
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

stores, produces, and packages secretions of cells

92
Q

hard palate

A

bony structure that forms the roof of the mouth

93
Q

hemiplegia

A

paralysis on one side of the body

94
Q

hemoglobin

A

protein of red blood cells; carry oxygen from lungs to the tissues

95
Q

inferior

A

below or under

96
Q

insertion

A

end or an area of a muscle that moves when muscle contracts

97
Q

integumentary system

A

skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and oil glands

98
Q

internal respirations

A

in metabolizing tissues; oxygen diffuses out of blood; carbon dioxide diffuses out of cells

99
Q

involuntary muscles

A

independent action not controlled by choice or desire

100
Q

iris

A

colored part of the eye; regulates size of pupil

101
Q

joints

A

an area where two bones meet or join

102
Q

lateral

A

pertaining to the side

103
Q

latissimus dorsi

A

triangular muscles in lower part of back, very large

104
Q

left atrium

A

receives oxygenated blood from pulmonary veins and pumps it to the left ventricle

105
Q

left ventricle

A

pumps oxygenated blood to tissues all over the body

106
Q

lens

A

behind pupil; refracts or bends light rays onto retina

107
Q

leukocytes

A

white blood cells

108
Q

ligament

A

fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone

109
Q

lining of uterus

A

inner lining of uterus is called the endometrium

110
Q

lymphatic system

A

network of vessels through which lymph drains from tissues into blood

111
Q

lymphocytes

A

form of small white blood cell; has a round single nucleus; helps the immune system

112
Q

lysosome

A

contain digestive enzymes to digest and destroy old cells, bacteria, and other foreign matter

113
Q

medial

A

pertaining to the middle or midline

114
Q

medulla oblongata

A

lower part of brain stem; controls vital processes such as breathing and heartbeat

115
Q

medullary cavity

A

central cavity of bone shafts; red and yellow bone marrow stored here

116
Q

meninges

A

membranes that cover brain and the spinal cord

117
Q

midbrain

A

portion of brain that connects pons and cerebellum; relay center for impulses

118
Q

mid sagittal plane

A

imaginary line; divides the body into a right and left side

119
Q

mitochondria

A

part of cell that provides energy and it is involved with the metabolism of the cell

120
Q

mitral valve

A

flap or susp between left atrium and the left ventricle

121
Q

muscle tissue

A

body tissue composed of fibers that produce movement

122
Q

muscle tone

A

state of partial muscle contraction providing a state of readiness to act

123
Q

myelin

A

mixture of proteins and phospholipids; increases the speed at which impulses are conducted

124
Q

neurilemma

A

thin sheath around a nerve axon; includes myelin

125
Q

neuron

A

a nerve cell

126
Q

neutrophils

A

white blood cells; produced in bone marrow and is in the blood

127
Q

nucleolus

A

spherical body in the nucleus; important for reproduction

128
Q

olfactory receptors

A

receptors that aid in the sense of smell

129
Q

orbital cavity

A

the eyes

130
Q

order of the large intestine

A

ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoi colon, rectum

131
Q

organ of Corti

A

structure in the cochlea of ear; organ for hearing

132
Q

organelle

A

cytoplasm of cell

ex: nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, etc.

133
Q

origin

A

end or area of a muscle that remains stationary when muscle contracts

134
Q

ovaries

A

endocrine gland that produces hormones and ovum

135
Q

pancreas

A

gland that is dorsal to the stomach; secretes insulin and digestive juices

136
Q

paraplegia

A

paralysis of the lower half of the body

137
Q

parasympathetic system

A

a division of the autonomic nervous system

138
Q

pathophysiology

A

study of how a disease occurs and the responses of living organisms to disease processes

139
Q

pectoralis major

A

thick, fan-shaped muscle; anterior to the chest; under breast in female

140
Q

pelvic cavity

A

area below abdominal region and near sacrum and hips

141
Q

perineum

A

region between vagina and the anus in the femal; between scrotum and anus in male

142
Q

peripheral pulse sites

A

temporal, carotid, apical, branchial, fadial, femural, popliteal, tibial, pedis

143
Q

pharyngeal tonsils

A

adenoids; mass of lymphatic tissue; roof of nasopharynx(where the nose blends into the throat)

144
Q

phlebitis

A

inflammation of a vein

145
Q

physiology

A

the study of the process or functions of living organisms

146
Q

pia mater

A

delicate innermost membrane enveloping the brain and spinal cord

147
Q

pinocytic vesicle

A

tiny vesicle; contains fluid or solute being ingested into cell

148
Q

platelets

A

also called thrombocytes; blood cell requited for blood clots

149
Q

pleura

A

serous membrane that covers the lungs and lines the thoracic cavity

150
Q

pons

A

part of brainstem connects medulla oblongata and cerebellum

151
Q

posterior

A

toward the back; behind

152
Q

proximal

A

closest to the point of area or reference

153
Q

pulmonary valve

A

flap or cusp between right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

154
Q

pupil

A

opening or hole in the center of iris of the eye; allows light to enter

155
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

end of the pyloric canal; layer of fiber thicken to form this muscle

156
Q

pyrexia

A

a fever

157
Q

quadriceps femoris

A

large muscle group that includes four prevailing muscles on the front of the thigh

158
Q

quadriplegia

A

paralysis below neck; paralysis of arms and legs

159
Q

rectus abdominis

A

“lower abdominals”; paired muscle running vertically on each side of the anterior wall of the abdomen

160
Q

red marrow

A

soft tissue in epiphyses (ends) of long bones

161
Q

respiratory system

A

organs and structures for process of intake and exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between organisms and the environment

162
Q

retina

A

sensory membrane that lines the eye; immediate instrument of vision

163
Q

right atrium

A

deoxygenated blood enters through inferior and superior vena cavas

164
Q

right ventricle

A

responsible for pumping deoxygenated blood to the lungs

165
Q

risk factors of hypertension

A

age, race, family history, obesity, tobacco, diet, stress, disease, pregnancy

166
Q

rotation

A

movement around a central axis; a turning

167
Q

rugae

A

a series of ridges produced by folding the wall of an organ

168
Q

salivary amylase

A

an enzyme in saliva that breaks starch down into sugar

169
Q

salivary glands

A

glands of mouth; produce saliva; digestive secretion

170
Q

sartorius

A

a long, narrow muscle muscle oblique to each thigh and hipbone to inside of leg below the knee

171
Q

sclera

A

white outer coat of the eye

172
Q

scrotum

A

double pouch containing testes and the epididymis in males

173
Q

semicircular canal

A

structures of the inner ear; involved in maintaing balance and equilibrium

174
Q

seminal vesicles

A

one of two saclike structures behind bladder; secretes thick fluid for semen

175
Q

sinuses

A

cavity or air space in bone

176
Q

skeletal muscle

A

muscle connected to the skeleton to form part of mechanical system

177
Q

skeletal system

A

framework of body; consists of bones and other connective tissues; protect and supports tissues and organs

178
Q

smooth muscle

A

muscle tissue; fibrils not highly ordered; gut and other involuntary internal organs

179
Q

somatic system

A

nervous system with voluntary control of body movements

180
Q

spinal cavity

A

pertaining to the vertebral column or spinal cord

181
Q

sternocleidomastoid

A

long muscles that connect the sternum, clavivle, and mastoid; allow head to turn and nod

182
Q

structure of Fallopian tubes

A

narrow tube on top portion of the uterus

183
Q

superior

A

above; on top of; or higher than

184
Q

sympathetic system

A

allows body to respond to emergancies and stress

185
Q

synarthrosis

A

an immovable joint between bones

186
Q

systolic

A

measurement of blood pressure taken when heart is contracting and forcing blood into the arteries

187
Q

tachycardia

A

fast or rapid heart beat; above 100 beats per minute in adults

188
Q

tendon

A

fibrous connective tissue that connects muscles to bones

189
Q

testes

A

endocrine glands in scrotum in males; produce sperm and male the male hormones

190
Q

thoracic cavity

A

the chest or thorax

191
Q

thoracic vertebrae

A

twelve bones of backbone; ribs attached to this

192
Q

thrombocytes

A

(platelets); blood cell required for blood clots

193
Q

thrombophlephitis

A

inflammation of the wall of the vein

194
Q

tibialis anterior

A

upper 2/3 of the lateral surface of the tibia

195
Q

transverse plane

A

imaginary line that divides body into a top and bottom half

196
Q

trapezius

A

large triangular muscles over back of neck and shoulders

197
Q

triceps brachii

A

muscle that runs along humerus bone in arm

198
Q

tricuspid valve

A

flap or cusp between right atrium and the right ventricle

199
Q

true ribs

A

rib that is attached directly to breastbone

200
Q

urinary system

A

organs to filter out excess fluid form the blood stream

201
Q

varicose veins

A

swollen, distended veins

202
Q

vas deferens

A

tube that carries sperm and semen from epididymsis to ejaculatory duct in the male

203
Q

veins

A

blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart

204
Q

ventral

A

front of the body

205
Q

ventral cavity

A

front of body; thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic

206
Q

ventricles

A

one of two lower chambers of the heart

207
Q

venules

A

smallest types of veins; connects capillaries and veins

208
Q

vestibule

A

small space or cavity at beginning of canal

209
Q

villi

A

tiny projections from surface; small intestine; aid in absorption of nutrients

210
Q

voluntary muscles

A

under one’s control; done by choice or desire

211
Q

ways to take temperature

A

oral (mouth); rectal (butt); axillary (armpit); and temporal (forehead)

212
Q

yellow marrow

A

soft tissue in diaphyses (middle) of the long bones

H.O.E (10 decks)

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