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broadcasting in the public interest > Chapter 4, 5, 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 4, 5, 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Which social media site do young adults get most of their news?

A

Twitter

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2
Q

Which news mediums today are growing and which are declining in regards to public interest?

A

Internet and social media is growing. TV and newspaper are declining

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3
Q

Do you think that news is focusing too much on pop culture and entertainment? Why?

A

Not yet but they are moving towards it. Justin Beiber scandal top story with rape case going on at same time somewhere else

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4
Q

Do viewers prefer enticing news personalities over enticing stories?

A

Based on demographics, younger generation yes

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5
Q

Based on this news panels discussions, how will news programming evolve in coming years?

A

Social media interaction, @ symbol with reporters names

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6
Q

What website was launched by ESPN that has spearheaded the development for live online streaming of sporting events?

A

ESPN3.com

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7
Q

Technically, what was the first broadcast, even though it wasn’t on radio or television?

A

1911, mechanical reproduction Kansas vs. Missouri

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8
Q

What year was Chris Berman hired by ESPN?

A

1989

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9
Q

Who was announcer for “Miracle on Ice”?

A

Al Michaels

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10
Q

New innovations in sports television

A

Drones as cameras, lines on the field, live streaming

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11
Q

Studies have shown that television shows no benefit to children under what age?

A

2

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12
Q

What is one of the qualities of superheroes that leads to gender role controversy?

A

Women wear less clothing and have supporting roles

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13
Q

Whats an example of a cartoon with a strong female character?

A

Kim Possible

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14
Q

Whats’ one of the reasons Sesame Street is so widely acclaimed as an educational program?

A

10.5 min of advertisements per hour during the week 12 minutes per hour during weekend
3 hours educational programming per week
Program in the publics interest

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15
Q

What is a main public affairs and talk programming program?

A

C-SPAN

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16
Q

Is it FCC regulated?

A

There are too many stations for them to worry about regulating

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17
Q

Example of Elon public affairs and talk programming

A

ELN Election Show

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18
Q

What time do public affairs and talk programming normally air?

A

Late at night, or early morning (3AM) not primetime

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19
Q

What is the highest priced show in TV history for a 30 minute series?

A

Friends

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20
Q

What trends and themes do you see in the future of television?

A

More fantasy and sci/fi shows

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21
Q

What was the network that folded in 1959

A

Dumont Television Network

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22
Q

What is the difference between first-run syndication and off-run syndication

A

1st run: Program that is broadcast for the first time as a syndicated show and is made specifically to sell into syndication (Oprah Winfrey Show)
Off-Run: Liscensing that was run for network television (Modern Family, Friends)

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23
Q

How many epsiodes must a show have before it is syndicated

A

100

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24
Q

Number of commercial AM stations

A

4790

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25
Q

Number of AM and FM stations in the US

A

14503

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26
Q

Leading radio format by share audience 2009

A

News/talk/information

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27
Q

Average number of radio stations available in most US markets

A

25

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28
Q

Top radio market in US by revenue

A

Los Angeles

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29
Q

What are the three C’s of radio

A

Competition, Consolidation, Control

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30
Q

What do the three C’s of radio mean?

A

Competition: Radio has alot of competitors for listeners with TV MP3 DVD etc
Consolidation: Combo of companies, developed into narrower researched radio formats
Control: More control of programming, promotions, marketing of stations, more corporate control

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31
Q

Which type of radio format has the most stations?

A

Country (Then news, spanish, sports)

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32
Q

Telecommunications Act of 1996

A

Group owners can consolidate stations

Single radio group can own multiple stations within a market

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33
Q

Supergroup

A 
Huge radio groups
Clear Channel Communications is the largest one
2-Cumulus
3-Citadel
4-CBS Radio
5-Entercom
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34
Q

Duopoly

A

In market control of radio listening and revenue by a few large group owners

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35
Q

Lease Management Agreement (LMA)

A

FCC lets one company to manage assets of another in same market without being in violation of ownership rules

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36
Q

What is the trend of today’s radio

A

Programming that caters to narrow market segment

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37
Q

What are the two key components of narrow market focusing?

A

Target audience and format

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38
Q

Why did the “mom-and pop radio stations disappear?

A

Consolidation happened between companies

Didn’t have funding to keep up

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39
Q

What is a media buyer?

A

Takes purchasing negotiating time and ad space for purpose of advertising

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40
Q

What is the function of Nielson Audio?

A

Collect consumer data on radio broadcasters.

Helps companies focus on target audience

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41
Q

What is AC format

A

Adult Contemporary

Lite hits to mix FM

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42
Q

What is the Jack FM format?

A

“We play what we want”

iPod shuffle, deep playlists

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43
Q

What makes a station Corporation for Publish Broadcasting qualified?

A

Station of 5 or more full-time members
Broadcast at least 18 hours per day
Operate at 250 watts AM and 100 watts FM

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44
Q

What does economies of scale mean?

A

Company with more stations should see lower cost per unit of output than company with fewer stations

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45
Q

Three types of non-commercial radio stations

A

Community
College
Public

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46
Q

What are the major departments of most radio stations?

A

Operations
Sales
Engineering
Programming

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47
Q

What are the three types of promotions used by radio stations?

A

Events, live remotes, contests

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48
Q

What are community stations?

A

Stations licensed to civic groups, non profit foundations, religious orgs
Provides coverage of local issues and talk shows

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49
Q

Whats the critera for an Low Power FM radio station?

A

Minimum of 36 hours per week and has to be noncommercial

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50
Q

What are the pros and cons of privately owned stations

A

Pros: Doesn’t require taxpayer spending
Wide range of things to listen to
Cons: Have to listen to advertisers

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51
Q

What are the pros and cons of government owned stations

A

Pros: Less opinionated and more about facts, non commercial
Cons: Taxpayer funded

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52
Q

What are the pros and cons of low power owned stations

A

Pros: Doesnt take up large amounts of bandwidth, noncommercial
Cons: Small area where you can listen

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53
Q

What is the most popular format of Hispanic in the Southwest and large urban centers

A

Mexican Regional

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54
Q

Percentage of Homes that have a DVD player

A

88

55
Q

Number of TV networks (1975)

A

3

56
Q

Number of TV networks (2010)

A

7

57
Q

Percent of homes that have at least one TV

A

98%

58
Q

Average amount of tv american home watches per week

A

31.5 per week

59
Q

Number of stations across the nation

A

1750 total

380 non commercial

60
Q

How do local TV station make their money?

A

Ads in their community and region

61
Q

How does network TV make their money?

A

Selling ads for the programs that they distribute to their affiliates

62
Q

What year was Fox launched

A

1986

63
Q

What merged to make the CW

A

UPN and WB (C is CBS W is Warner Brothers)

64
Q

O and O station

A

Most profitable of tv stations
Owned by the newtwork
WNBC in New York

65
Q

What is an affiliate?

A

Stations that are associated with one of the networks
Receive programming from them
Not as profitable as owned and operated

66
Q

What are some of the major owners of affiliate stations?

A

Gannett
Hearst-Argyle
Cox Broadcasting

67
Q

How do independent stations function?

A

Develop programming for entire broadcast schedule
Do all of their promotion
Hard to be profitable without a niche or nice news coverage

68
Q

Low power TV

A

LPTV: low power outlets that rebroadcast TV signals from other stations or make their own programming
Class A: Fall under Community Broadcast Protection Act, have to provide 3 hours of locally produced programming for a week
TV translators: Rebroadcast full service station usually topeople who didn’t get original signal

69
Q

Who is the largest owner of TV stations?

A

CBS (27 stations, 35.65% of household
2-Ion Media Networks
3-Fox

70
Q

What year was PBS founded

A

1970

71
Q

How many PBS stations are there

A

348 member stations

72
Q

What do people rely on public television for?

A

News and children’s programming

73
Q

How much do people pledge to public television

A

500 million dollars, 55% of revenue

74
Q

What are the 4 biggest cable/satellite operators

A

Comcast
DirectTV
Dish
Time Warner

75
Q

How much does cable make in revenue today?

A

89 billion per year

76
Q

How much can average cable user see in terms of channels?

A

Over 80 channels

77
Q

What is the difference between must-carry and re transmission consent?

A

Must-Carry: Required to air local stations schedule

Retransmission Consent: Required to negotiate some form of compensation from cable system in return for getting carried

78
Q

Top 2 ad-supported cable networks?

A

USA and TNT

79
Q

How many people pay for HBO

A

28 million households

80
Q

What is the selling feature of pay services

A

Get original programming not available on broadcast
Commercial free movies
Rare local sports

81
Q

What is tiering?

A

Different levels of cable networks you can subscribe to at different rates

82
Q

What is cable systems basic penetration?

A

% of homes that have a basic cable package

83
Q

What is the homes passed statistic?

A

Number of homes that have the ability to receive a cable package

84
Q

What is a pay household?

A

House that uses pay services for things like HBO etc. Pay for premium cable

85
Q

What is a multi-pay household?

A

House that subscribes to multiple pay services

86
Q

What is pay-per-view

A

You order a program through the cable box

87
Q

What is addressable converter

A

Device that cable company uses to read signals on who orders pay-per-view

88
Q

What is multi event pay-per-view

A

Hope to get people to purchase multiple things. Impulse pay per view

89
Q

Multi System Operator

A

Cable company that operates in more than one market ( Comcast is on east coast, midwest)

90
Q

Single System Operator

A

Cable company that operates in one market (East Coast)

91
Q

Direct Broadcast Satellite (DBT)

A

Satellite television, tends to be priced less than cable, can bring local channels to people

92
Q

Traffic

A

In sales department of TV station.

Schedule commercials and verify that the commercials are aired properly

93
Q

What is a make-good

A

Free commercial at same time as commercial that didn’t air

94
Q

What is engineering department do in tv station?

A

Make sure you broadcast on right signal

Maintenance of equipment

95
Q

What does the programming department do?

A

Runs PSA’s, promotions

Decide what shows go on air, schedule and purchase programming

96
Q

What does a marketing manager do?

A

Sales function includes recruiting and retaining subscribers

97
Q

What is local origination producer?

A

In charge of local programming and community affairs

98
Q

Video News Release

A

Recorded video message from companies sent to Tv stations or online outlets in hopes that it will be shown to the public

99
Q

Number of internet users worldwide

A

1,800,000,000

100
Q

Most popular web site worldwide

A

Google

101
Q

Number of Americans with broadband Web access

A

210,000,000

102
Q

Number of iPods sold since 2001

A

220,000,000

103
Q

Number of YouTube videos streamed per month

A

5,000,000,000

104
Q

Percent of Americans who cite Internet as main news source

A

40

105
Q

What is the internet?

A

Global system of interconnected computers
Network that carriers messages
Operating procedures for all computers to communicate

106
Q

Transmission control protocol (TCP)

A

breaks a message into smaller packets and recombines them at message’s destination
HTTP Protocol for sending an HTML file

107
Q

Internet Protocol (IP)

A

Puts an address on each packet and makes sure packets get to their destination

108
Q

Uniform resource locator (URL)

A

Locates a specific destination on the Internet

109
Q

Who developed the World Wide Web and in what year?

A

Tim Berners Lee early 1990s

110
Q

HTML what does it stand for and mean

A

Hypertext Markup Language
Tool used to create web pages
Allows creation of hypertext links between documents

111
Q

What is a browser?

A

Programs used to access the web
Allow usesrs to communicate with various Web sites anywhere in world.
Internet Explorer, Firefox, Chrome, Safari

112
Q

What is a plug-in?

A

Software programs that expand abilities of browsers
Used to play sound or video clips, decompress files, process images
Flash Player, Quicktime, Java

113
Q

What happened in 1969 that developed internet?

A

US Military created ARPAnet to link contractors and researchers

114
Q

What does ARPAnet stand for?

A

Advanced Research Projects Agency network

115
Q

What happened in 1983 that publicized the internet?

A

National Science Foundation took over ARPAnet and attracted users

116
Q

Who created the first email program and when?

A

Ray Tomlinson, 1972

117
Q

What does the @ sign do in email?

A

Combines personal user name to host computer system

118
Q

Who did Tomlinson work for?

A

ARPAnet

119
Q

How has the internet changed the music industry?

A

File-sharing programs
Itunes and iPod
CD sales drop, digital downloads increase
Easier to download pirated things

120
Q

How has internet affected the news?

A

Social media becomes part of news reporting landscape

More reliance on “citizen reporters”

121
Q

How has audio and video emerged on web?

A

Better technology to increase download speeds and popularity

Podcasting: distributing audio filed that cna be downloaded for later

122
Q

What is streaming?

A

Instead of downloading a file you can use Web browser to view or listen to file live

123
Q

What are the four types of online radio stations?

A

Online stations affiliated with broadcast station
Aggregators
Choice-based sites
Format-specific, Internet-only stations

124
Q

What is an aggregator radio station?

A

Provides access to large number of radio stations

AOL Internet Radio Service

125
Q

What is a choice-based site?

A

Listeners can program their own stations

Pandora

126
Q

What is a format-specific, Internet-only station?

A

Focused on specific genres of music

Weirdsville.com

127
Q

How does online radio make their money?

A

Selling ad space
User subscription fees
Direct Selling

128
Q

What is a commercial video site

A

Hulu, CBS.com

129
Q

Video-sharing sites

A

YouTube, Vimeo

130
Q

Corporate video sites

A

Serves particular needs of the company including training, sales and marketing, PR

131
Q

Micro casting sites

A

Transmits message to a small group of peopel: via webcams and broadband internet

132
Q

Top 3 Video Streaming Sites

A

YouTube
Hulu
Yahoo! Video

133
Q

Top 5 Internet Sites

A 
Google
Facebook
YouTube
Yahoo
Baidu

broadcasting in the public interest (3 decks)

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