Path

Question 1

What is the etiology of MS?

Answer 1

Multifactorial: genetics, viral infection, and immune

Question 2

Describe an MS plaque and where it commonly presents?

Answer 2

Gray area due to demyelination of white mater in the brain. Found periventricular (hugs the ventricles); seen on MRI or autopsy.

Question 3

What’s the most common chronic CNS disease in young adults? What’s the most common presentation of this disease and which areas of the body typically show symptoms first?

Answer 3

MS
Relapsing and remitting-exacerbative periods followed by remission. In time the periods of exacerbation get longer.

symptoms-blurred vision or diplopia; optic nerve esp chiasm. Vertigo and scanning speach common of alcohol intoxication; brainstem. Lastly, lower extremity sensation loss and weakness; spinal cord.

Question 4

Name two lysosomal storage diseases

Answer 4

metachromatic leukodystrophy and krabbe disease (“Globoid body”) which are autosomal recessive lysosomal storage diseases.

Question 5

What’s the etiology of central pontine myelinolysis?

Answer 5

Rapid IV correction of hyponatremia in severly malnourished people; alcoholics or those with liver disease. This can result in locked in syndrome, where you can move your eyes but nothing else.