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AP Biology > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

0
Q

“Self-feeders”, self sustaining producers of the biosphere

A

Autotrophs

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1
Q

The conversion of light energy into chemical energy stored in sugar and other molecules

A

Photosynthesis

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2
Q

The biosphere’s consumers

A

Heterotrophs

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3
Q

The tissue in the interior of the leaf

A

Mesophyll

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4
Q

Microscopic pores in which CO2 enters and O2 exits

A

Stomata

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5
Q

Dense fluid inside the chloroplasts

A

Stroma

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6
Q

Green pigments in the thylakoid membrane that absorbs light energy

A

Chlorophyll

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7
Q

The first stage in photosynthesis that splits water and provides NADPH and ATP to the second stage

A

Light reaction

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8
Q

The second stage in photosynthesis that produces sugar for the rest of the cell to use

A

Calvin cycle

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9
Q

The electron acceptor in chlorophyll

A

NADP+

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10
Q

When the light reaction generates ATP by adding a phosphate group to ADP

A

Photophosphorylation

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11
Q

The initial incorporation of carbon from CO2 into organic compounds

A

Carbon fixation

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12
Q

A flattened, membranous sac inside a chloroplast

A

Thylakoid

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13
Q

The distance between the crests of electromagnetic waves

A

Wavelength

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14
Q

The range of radiation of wavelengths

A

Electromagnetic spectrum

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15
Q

The radiation that can be detected as various colors

A

Visible light

16
Q

Particles from light that have a fixed quantity of energy

A

Photons

17
Q

A machine that measures the absorption of light at different wavelengths

A

Spectrophotometer

18
Q

A graph plotting a pigment’s light absorption verses wavelength

A

Absorption spectrum

19
Q

A main pigment of chloroplasts which participates directly in the light reactions

A

Chlorophyll a

20
Q

The accessory pigment in chloroplasts

A

Chlorophyll b

21
Q

This profiles the relative effectiveness of different wavelengths of radiation in driving the process

A

Action spectrum

22
Q

A group of accessory pigments that appear yellow-orange because they absorb violet and blue-green

A

Carotenoids

23
Q

A light-capturing unit in the thylakoid membrane consisting of a reaction center complex surrounded by numerous light-harvesting complexes

A

Photosystem

24
Q

The organized association of proteins in a photosystem where the reactions from the photon acceptance occurs

A

Reaction-center complex

25
Q

The region of various pigment molecules that harvests light over a large surface area

A

Light-harvesting complex

26
Q

A molecule capable of becoming reduced (chlorophyll a)

A

Primary electron acceptor

27
Q

A light capturing unit in the thylakoid membrane that has two molecules of P680 chlorophyll a in its reaction center

A

Photosystem II

28
Q

A light capturing unit in the thylakoid membrane that has two molecules of P700 chlorophyll a in the reaction center

A

Photosystem I

29
Q

The energy transformation through the photosystems that occurs during the light reaction

A

Linear electron flow

30
Q

A three-carbon sugar produced by the Calvin cycle

A

G3P

31
Q

The enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle

A

Rubisco

32
Q

Plants in which carbon fixation occur, producing the three carbon compound 3-phosphoglycerate

A

C3 plants

33
Q

When CO2 becomes scarce and plants use O2 in the Calvin cycle

A

Photorespiration

34
Q

Plants in which carbon fixation occurs in different types of cells due to the hot climate

A

C4 plants

35
Q

When plants take up CO2 at night and incorporate it into various organic acids

A

Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM)

36
Q

Plants that store organic acids over night in vacuoles, then release them during light reactions in the day

A

CAM plants

AP Biology (12 decks)

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