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AP Biology > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

0
Q

Difference in hereditary traits

A

Variation

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1
Q

The transmission of traits from one generation to the next

A

Heredity

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2
Q

Scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation

A

Genetics

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3
Q

Coded information in the form of hereditary units

A

Genes

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4
Q

Reproductive cells

A

Gametes

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5
Q

All cells of the body except the gametes and their precursors

A

Somatic cells

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6
Q

A gene’s specific location along the length of a chromosome

A

Locus

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7
Q

A single individual is the sole parent and passes copies of all its genes to its offspring without the fusion of gametes

A

Asexual reproduction

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8
Q

A group of genetically identical individuals

A

Clone

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9
Q

Two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the two parents

A

Sexual reproduction

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10
Q

The generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism

A

Life cycle

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11
Q

Image of the chromosomes are arranged in pairs, starting with the longest chromosome

A

Karyotype

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12
Q

Two chromosomes of a pair have the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern

A

Homologous chromosomes

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13
Q

X and Y chromosomes

A

Sex chromosomes

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14
Q

All other chromosomes separate from the sex chromosomes

A

Autosomes

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15
Q

Any cell with two chromosome sets

A

Diploid cell

16
Q

Gametes containing a single set of chromosomes

A

Haploid cell

17
Q

The union of gametes

A

Fertilization

18
Q

The resulting fertilized egg

A

Zygote

19
Q

Cell division that reduces the number of sets of chromosomes from two to one in the gametes

A

Meiosis

20
Q

A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form, the sporophyte, and a multicellular haploid form, the gametophyte

A

Alternation of generations

21
Q

First part of cell division that results in cells with half the number of chromosomes sets as an original cell

A

Meiosis I

22
Q

Second part of cell division that results in cells with half the number of chromosome sets as the original cell

A

Meiosis II

23
Q

Paired homologs become physically connected to each other along their lengths by a zipper-like protein

A

Synapsis

24
Q

A genetic rearrangement between non sister chromatids involving the exchange of corresponding segments of DNA molecules

A

Crossing over

25
Q

Each homologous pair has one or more X-shaped regions

A

Chiasmata

26
Q

Individual chromosomes that carry genes derived from two different parents

A

Recombinant chromosomes

AP Biology (12 decks)

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