Chapter 6 - Disorders of Childhood

Question 0

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Answer 0

A category of childhood disorders including autism spectrum disorder; attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); disorders of learning, intelligence, and communication; and motor disorders such as tics and Tourette’s disorder

Question 1

Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders

Answer 1

A category of childhood disorders, including disorders of attachment.

Question 2

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Answer 2

A disorder of childhood that includes two major dimensions: inattention, and hyperactivity and impulsivity.

Question 3

Disruptive, Impulsive Control, and Conduct Disorders

Answer 3

A category of childhood disorders referred to as externalizing disorders.

Question 4

Secure Attachment Pattern

Answer 4

An attachment style characterized by the following pattern in the strange situation: the infant 1) engages in active exploration, 2) is upset when the mother leaves, and 3) shows positive emotions when the mother returns.

Question 5

Avoidant Attachment Pattern

Answer 5

An attachment style in which the infant shows more interest in the toys than the mother and shows less distress when the mother leaves and less positive emotion when she returns.

Question 6

Anxious/Ambivalent Attachment Pattern

Answer 6

An attachment style in which the infant appears preoccupied with having access to the mother and shows protest on her separation; when she returns, the infant may show anger or ambivalence to her.

Question 7

Disorganized/Controlling Attachment Pattern

Answer 7

An attachment style in which the infant shows disruptions in processing during a strange situation.

Question 8

Mirror Neurons

Answer 8

Neurons in your brain that fire as if you had performed the same actions as you observe.

Question 9

Imitation Learning

Answer 9

On a brain level, each time an individual sees an action done by another, the neurons that would be involved in that action are activated, creating a motor representation of the observed action, essentially turning a visual image into a motor plan.

Question 10

Theory of Mind

Answer 10

The study of one’s ability to understand one’s own or another person’s mental state.

Question 11

Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)

Answer 11

A disorder that is the result of inadequate caregiving, which may include institutional settings.

Question 12

Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder

Answer 12

A disorder in which the child is willing to accept strangers who are not attachment figures.

Question 13

Conduct Disorder (CD)

Answer 13

A disorder in which individuals display more extreme behaviors that reflect little regard for those around them; they actively violate the rights of others.

Question 14

Autism Spectrum Disorders

Answer 14

A group of neurodevelopmental disorders; individuals with autism spectrum disorders have difficulty in connecting and communication with others and with behavioral processes, often displaying stereotypical behaviors and the desire to engage in the same behavior in a repetitive manner.

Question 15

Asperger’s Syndrome

Answer 15

Individuals with this syndrome tend to be more intelligent and display higher functioning in terms of social processes than those diagnosed with autism, which can include social impairment in the form of egocentricity; a narrowing of interests; compulsive need for introducing routines; speech and language peculiarities; nonverbal communication in the form of limited facial and gesture expression; and motor clumsiness; this category is used in the ICD-10, but not the DSM-5.

Question 16

Externalizing Disorders

Answer 16

Such as conduct disorder (CD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD).

Question 17

Internalizing Disorders

Answer 17

Such as anxiety and mood disorders

Question 18

Oppositional Defiant Disorders (ODD)

Answer 18

A disorder in which individuals mainly show anger and defiance, but do not act aggressively toward other people or animals or destroy property.

Question 19

Learning Disabilities

Answer 19

The situation in which a child’s achievement is lower than that expected from his or her scores on achievement or intelligence tests.

Question 20

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

Answer 20

The act by which the Department of Education in the United States defined the services required to be provided to students with learning disabilities.

Question 21

Specific Learning Disorder

Answer 21

A disorder in which a child shows problems in one of the major school tasks.

Question 22

Mental Retardation

Answer 22

A disorder in which the person shows intellectual disabilities; term no longer used in the DSM-5.

Question 23

Intellectual Developmental Disorder (IDD)

Answer 23

A disorder characterized by intellectual disabilities in which the person does not meet normal developmental milestones.

Question 24

Down Syndrome

Answer 24

A disorder resulting in both physical and intellectual problems found in individuals with an extra copy of chromosome 21.

Question 25

Fragile X Syndrome

Answer 25

Chromosome disorder that results in intellectual developmental disorder due to the FMR1 gene producing too little of a protein needed for brain development.