HRE (ch8s2) Flashcards
Where were most of the lands held by the HRE?
Germany and Italy
Why was Henry IV (emperor) outside an Italian castle in 1076
Forgiveness for his sins
Pope Gregory VII excommunicated him
Who was first holy roman emperor
Charlemagne
Otto I
Aligned HRE with church
Appointed bishops to government jobs & helped pipe defeat rebels in Italy
2 main challenges for emperors of HRE
Nobles and church
What did pope Gregory VII do to cause hatred?
Said only pope could appoint bishops on office
Took away kings right to appoint church officials (banned lay investiture)
Imposed taxes
How did Henry IV respond to the popes actions?
Claimed all the church land was his since he is the king
he felt entitled to give offices
Argued bishops held their land as roy fiefs
Concordat of worms
Treaty declaring church has power to elect and invest bishops with authority
Emperor still invests them with fiefs
Frederick Barbarossa
HRE Fredrick I
Dreamed of building an empire from the Baltic to the Adriatic
Fought to bring wealthy cities of N Italy under his control (defeated)
What did Germany want during 1100s and 1200s
Sought control over Italy
Pope innocent III
Church reached highest point
Plenitude of power
Claimed supremacy over all other rulers
Extended Papal States - reformed church courts - changed how church officials were chosen
