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Dental nurse revision (301-311) > 305 - recognising and supporting actions during first aid and medical emergencies. > Flashcards

305 - recognising and supporting actions during first aid and medical emergencies. Flashcards

1
Q

why are medical emergencies more likely to occur in dental setting?

A

anxiety in patients

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2
Q

what anxiety may patients have at the dentist?

A

lower pain threshold - feel pain/discomfort
stress levels raised as believe will feel pain
fear dental treatment, wont eat before and will have low blood sugar = faint

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3
Q

what position is the patient in that leaves the airway vulnerable to potential objects?

A

supine (flat) position

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4
Q

what is hypertension?

A

high blood pressure

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5
Q

what are the liver and kidney responsible for?

A

eliminating waste products and toxins from body

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6
Q

what can uncontrolled diabetes or not taking medication for it lead to?

A

hypoglycemic attack

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7
Q

how can diabetes affect patients after dental treatment?

A

poor wound healing
prone to infections

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8
Q

what are the known allergens in the dental setting?

A

latex
penicillin-based antibiotics

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9
Q

what medications can react with local anaesthetic?

A

some antidepressants
thyroxine
HRT
contraceptives

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10
Q

what are the signs from a casualty in an emergency?

A

skin colour: pink, grey, pale?
breathlessness: gasping, struggling to breathe?
suddenness of collapse: fall quickly or slowly?
condition of pulse: fast, slow, weak, absent?

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11
Q

what are the symptoms from a casualty in an emergency?

A

any pain
location of pain
nausea
drowsiness
difficulty breathing
dizziness

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12
Q

what signs would prompt a rescuer to begin BLS immediately?

A

unconsciousness
abnormal breathing

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13
Q

what does asystole mean?

A

heart has stopped beating

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14
Q

what does fibrillating mean?

A

heart is beating ineffectively

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15
Q

what is hypoxia?

A

lack of oxygen to the brain

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16
Q

how many breaths per minute shows an increased rate of respiration?

A

faster than 20 breaths per minute
- check by rise/fall of chest

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17
Q

how many beats per minute for an increased heart rate?

A

faster than 100 beats per minute
- take the pulse

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18
Q

what systolic reading shows a fall in blood pressure?

A

systolic reading below 90mmHg
- blood pressure machine

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19
Q

what is the average systolic reading for blood pressure?

A

120mmHg

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20
Q

what is the DRSABCDE approach?

A

Danger
Response
Shout for help
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Disability
Exposure

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21
Q

what is the aim of BLS?

A

maintain flow of oxygenated blood around body

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22
Q

what is oxygen?

A

atmospheric gas

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23
Q

what are the 3 vital organs?

A

heart
brain
lungs

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24
Q

what happens to the body without oxygen?

A

cells and body cant function = death

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25
how many minutes can the body survive without oxygen before brain damage occurs?
3-4 minutes
26
how is oxygen provided to lungs during BLS?
rescue breathing
27
how is oxygen circulated to body tissues during BLS?
external chest compressions
28
what does unconsciousness in casualty indicate?
unresponsive to stimuli heart may have stopped beating = cardiac arrest
29
what does abnormal breathing in a casualty indicate?
possible obstruction in respiratory system
30
in darker skin tones how do you check if the casualty is lacking oxygen (hypoxia)?
lips nailbeds mucous membranes of mouth
31
what is the log roll technique?
rolling casualty on to back on hard surface keep head in line with spine
32
how are compressions given?
30 at rate of 100 per minute
33
how many cm can the chest be compressed in adults?
4-5cm
34
after 30 compressions how may rescue breaths are followed?
2
35
what is the ratio of compressions and rescue breaths?
30:2
36
how is the airway kept open during rescue breaths?
head tilt chin tilt
37
should you pinch the nostrils whilst providing rescue breaths?
YES
38
how does the AED work?
sending electrical impulse
39
what will the AED instruct if defibrillation is required?
'stand clear' then 'shock'
40
what will the AED instruct if casualty has heartbeat and aren't fibrillating?
'no shock'
41
where are AED pads placed on casualty?
one on left side near apex of heart one on right front side of chest below collarbone
42
what factors will reduce the effectiveness of defibrillation attempts?
hairy chest damp skin breast tissue poor contact between skin and pads
43
what is a cardiac arrest in younger casualties usually due to?
lack of oxygen to brain due to airway obstruction
44
how should a pregnant woman lie during BLS?
slightly on left side with support under right buttock
45
what signs indicate a functioning circulatory system?
movement coughing/attempts to breathe change in skin/lip colour from grey to pink
46
why is a casualty placed into the recovery position?
so tongue and any fluids can drain out of mouth and not obstruct the airways
47
how is the casualty placed into the recovery position?
placing casualty onto side and bending limbs so they are supported
48
after an emergency how is infection control met?
wear full PPE sharps discarded in sharps container blood spillages cleaned up using blood spillage kit non-sharp contaminated into hazardous waste work surfaces wiped down
49
what is the correct term for a simple faint?
vasovagal syncope
50
what is a faint? signs and symptoms
loss of consciousness due to temporary reduction in oxygenated blood to brain sign: pale and clammy skin, loss of consciousness symptoms: dizziness, nausea
51
how do you treat a casualty who has fainted?
unconscious = lay flat and elevate legs to restore blood to brain conscious = sit casualty with head down and fresh air
52
what do you give to a casualty who has fainted once they are conscious?
glucogel/dextrose tablet for blood sugar slow-release carbohydrates and a drink
53
what is asthma? signs and symptoms
hypersensitivity condition affecting the respiratory airways signs: breathless with wheezing, cyanosis (blue lips), restless symptoms: difficulty breathing, sensation of suffocating/drowning
54
how do you treat a casualty having an asthma attack?
salbutamol inhaler oxygen 999 if doesn't make rapid recovery
55
what is an anaphylaxis? signs and symptoms
severe allergic reaction signs: rapid facial swelling, rash, gasping, collapse symptoms: sudden onset breathing difficulties, tingling of extremities
56
how do you treat a casualty having an anaphylaxis?
999 administer intramuscular adrenaline oxygen BLS if necessary
57
what is an epileptic fit? signs and symptoms
brief disruption of normal electrical activity within brain petit mal -mild fit grand mal - major fit signs: loss of unconsciousness, seizures symptoms: altered mood before seizure, dazed and sleepy on recovery
58
how do you treat a casualty having an epileptic fit?
protect from injury but dont move allow recovery if no recovery within 5 mins call 999 midazolam buccal gel
59
what is hypoglycaemia and diabetic coma? signs and symptoms
low blood sugar in prediagnosed diabetes who haven't followed insulin regime correctly or not eaten at correct times signs: trembling, cold and clammy, irritable, drowsy, slurred speech symptoms: confusion, disorientated, blurred or double vision
60
how do you treat a casualty who has hypoglycaemia?
conscious: glucogel tube orally unconscious: intramuscular glucagon oxygen 999 if no recovery
61
what is angina? signs and symptoms
chest pain by not enough blood reaching heart signs: congested facial expression, casualty clutching chest or left arm, irregular pulse, shallow breathing symptoms: crushing chest pain travel to left arm or jaw, nausea
62
how do you treat a casualty who has angina?
administer GTN spray under tongue oxygen casualty sat upright 999 if no recovery or consciousness is lost (cardiac arrest) BLS if necessary
63
what is a myocardial infarction? signs and symptoms
heart attack - supply of blood to heart is blocked usually by blood clot signs: sudden clutching of chest, grey appearance, possible collapse symptoms: sudden crushing chest pain not relieved by GTN spray
64
how do you treat a casualty having a myocardial infarction?
999 aspirin tablet oxygen BLS if necessary
65
what is choking? signs and symptoms
partial or full blockage of respiratory tract causing lack of blood oxygenation signs: sudden coughing/wheezing, laboured breathing, inability speaking, blue lips symptoms: aware of respiratory obstruction, breathing difficulties, dizziness
66
what is the treatment for an adult casualty choking?
support and lean forward encourage cough 5 back slaps 5 abdominal thrusts if obstruction still present unconscious = open airway for BLS 999
67
treatment for child casualty choking?
cough to expel obstruction unsuccessful = 5 back slaps and recheck mouth unsuccessful = 5 chest thrusts recheck mouth if unsuccessful send for help and repeat back slaps unsuccessful = 5 abdominal thrusts continue cycle until obstruction cleared
68
treatment for baby casualty choking?
check mouth for obvious obstruction and remove it baby face down along arm and 5 back slaps using fingers only turn baby face up and remove obstruction unsuccessful: 5 sharp chest compressions call for help and continue cycle until obstruction cleared
69
what is a stroke? signs and symptoms
cerebral infarction = blood vessel supplying brain is blocked by clot cerebral haemorrhage = blood vessel supplying brain begins to leak or ruptures in skull pressing on brain signs: sudden weakness of face or limbs on one side of body, loss of balance and difficulty speaking symptoms: sudden numbness of face or limbs, sudden headache, confusion and dizziness
70
what is the treatment for a casualty having a stroke?
need to react fast as chance of survival and disability worsens with time Facial weakness: signs of drooping Arm weakness: can both arms be raised equally Speech problems: speak clearly, understand commands Test all 3 signs quickly, any deficit call 999
71
what is adrenal crisis? signs and symptoms
adrenal insufficiency - disorder of adrenal glands signs: low blood pressure, fast heart rate, pale, vomiting symptoms: nausea, abdominal pain, lethargic and weak
72
what is the treatment for a casualty having adrenal crisis?
999 lay casualty supine oxygen prepare for BLS if necessary
73

Dental nurse revision (301-311) (11 decks)

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