308 - support during stages of prosthetic treatments. Flashcards
(147 cards)
1
Q
what is prosthodontics?
A
restoration or replacement of damaged or missing teeth using artificially constructed devices
2
Q
what can missing teeth be replaced by?
A
dentures
implants
bridges
3
Q
who creates fixed or removable prosthesis?
A
dental technician
4
Q
what is an opposing arch?
A
the arch that doesn’t contain tooth to be resotred/replaced
5
Q
what does edentulous mean?
A
no teeth present
6
Q
what material is irreversible hydrocolloids?
A
alginate
7
Q
what material is addtion siliciones and vinyl polysiloxanes?
A
elastomer
(heavy bodied putty - light bodied paste)
8
Q
what material is polyether?
A
elastomer
9
Q
what is alginate used for?
A
opposing arch
models for full/partial denture
models for removable ortho appliances
study models
models for special trays, bleachign trays, retainers
10
Q
can alginate be used for the working model for crowns/bridges/veneers/inlays?
A
NO
11
Q
what temperature should water be to mix alginate?
A
room temperature
12
Q
what proportion is needed to mix alginate?
A
1:1
powder to water
13
Q
what does alginate mix need to be free of?
A
air bubbles
14
Q
what should alginate be wrapped in if it can’t be casted immediately?
A
damp gauze and sealed in airtight bag
15
Q
what happens to alginate if it is left immersed in water?
A
impression expands
16
Q
what happens to alginate if it is allowed to dry out?
A
impression shrinks
17
Q
what is addition silicone elastomer used for?
A
fixed prosthetic work as it is highly accurate
18
Q
what is the setting time for silicones?
A
4 minutes
19
Q
what are the advantages of silicone elastomer material?
A
dimensionally stable in presence of moisture
excellent elasticity, strength and accuracy
20
Q
what are the disadvantages of silicone elastomer material?
A
more complicated/time consuming than alginate
more expensive
longer setting time - uncomfortable for patient
21
Q
what are polyethers used for?
A
fixed prosthetic work and some removable prosthetic work
22
Q
what is the correct disinfection technique of impressions?
A
run under cold water to remove visible debris
immersed into disinfectant bath (10 MIN)
rinsed under cold water again
23
Q
what is the solution for disinfecting impressions?
A
10% sodium hypochlorite
24
Q
how long should impressions be immersed in the disinfectant bath?
A
up to 10 minutes
25
what to do with alginate impressions after disinfection?
cover with wet gauze and seal in airtight bag
26
what to do with elastomer impressions after disinfection?
blow dry with 3 in 1 syringe and seal in airtight bag
27
what does a working lab ticket need to include?
dentist
patient name
prosthesis to be constructed
material to use
shade
date of delivery for fit
disinfection details
28
what is an impression tray made by the technician called?
special tray
29
what is a special tray?
custom made and individual to patient
30
what does a triple tray record?
partial section of both arches and occlusion
31
what is a fixed prosthesis?
restorations or replacements cemented within or onto a tooth
32
what is a crown?
a cap covering 3/4 to whole surface of a tooth
33
what is a bridge?
two or more crown like units joined together as single device to replace missing tooth
34
what is a veneer?
facing made to fully cover labial surface of tooth
35
what is an inlay?
insert into tooth cavity
36
what is the purpose of a crown?
protect heavily filled or root filled tooth from fracturing
aesthetics
tooth shape change
37
what material can crowns be?
porcelain ceramic
all ceramic
precious metal alloy
non-precious metal alloy
38
what is the purpose of a bridge?
replace missing teeth
aesthetics
39
what material can bridges be?
all ceramic
bonded porcelain to metal
precious metal alloy
non-precious metal alloy
40
what is the purpose of a veneer?
aesthetics
41
what material can a veneer be?
porcelain
42
what is the purpose of an inlay?
restore cavity with material stronger than conventional filling material
43
what material can an inlay be?
all ceramic
precious metal alloy
non-precious metal alloy
44
what burs are used during a crown prep?
diamond tapered burs
45
what do diamond tapered burs do?
produce near-parallel sides for retention without undercuts
46
what is the use of a gingival retraction cord?
for accurate recordings of crown prep margins
47
what is a crown cemented with?
luting cement
48
what are the type of luting cements for crowns?
self-cure resin
light-cure resin
dual-cure resin
polyester resin
glass ionomer
zinc polycarboxylate
zinc phosphate
49
what is a porcelain jacket crown?
all-procelain crown for anterior teeth only
50
what is an all-ceramic crown?
stronger ceramic material
require less tooth removal
e.g. emax
51
what is a porcelain bonded crown?
substructure of metal for strength
buccal/labial face of porcelain for aesthetics
52
what is a full gold crown?
strongest crown
ideal for posterior teeth
not aesthetic
53
what is a post crown?
metallic post and core structure shaped to hold conventional crown
54
what type of post is screwed into the canal?
dentatus system
55
what type of post is cemented into the canal?
parapost system
compositpost system
56
why are temporary crowns used?
maintain appearance
prevent sensitivity of prepared teeth
maintain correct space between adjacent teeth
maintain correct occlusion
57
what is the hall technique?
cementation of preformed metal crown onto carious deciduous molar tooth
58
what is a pontic?
unit replacing missing tooth
59
what is a bridge retainer?
unit holding bridge in place
60
what is an abutment?
tooth bridge is cemented on to
61
advantage of bridges over dentures?
no embarrassment of loose prosthesis falling out
more hygienic than dentures
only 2 appointments required to make bridge
solve problem of gag reflex
62
what is a fixed-fixed bridge?
retaining teeth involved to either side of missing teeth
63
fixed-moveable bridge?
joint is incorporated in design to allow some degree of flexibility to the bridge
64
what is a cantilever bridge?
retaining tooth or teeth to one side of pontic only
65
what is a simple cantilever design?
retaining teeth immediately to one side of the pontic only
66
what is a spring cantilever design?
retaining teeth are to one side but several teeth away from pontic
67
what is an adhesive bridge?
retaining teeth undergo minimal tooth preparation and retention provided by lingual/palatal metal wings only
68
do you need a radiograph for a bridge?
yes - to check the health of tooth
69
what are the oral hygiene instructions for crowns and bridges?
regular toothbrushing daily
fluoride toothpaste
flossing/interdental brushing to clean interproximally
70
what material can veneers be?
composite or porcelain
71
what are veneers used for?
mask discoloured tooth
mask darkened root filled tooth
close diastemas
change shape of rotated teeth
72
what material can dentures be made of?
acrylic
chrome-cobalt metal
valplast
73
why may teeth be replaced by a removable prosthesis?
prevent excessive masticatory forces
prevent overeruption of opposing teeth
provide good aesthetics
74
what does acrylic material consist of?
powder called polymer
liquid called monomer
becomes dough consistency
75
how is acrylic cured?
heating dough slowly in special flask/oven
76
what is an alveoplasty?
chnaging shape of existing ridge by removal of gross under cuts
77
what is an alveolectomy?
surgical removal and smoothing of sharp ridges
78
what is a valplast denture?
denture that is flexible when placed in warm water then into the mouth
79
what are the denture stages?
1st - primary impressions with stock trays
2nd- special trays to take another impression (can do bite as well)
3rd - bite stage - wax rims, use willis bite gauge, bite reg paste
4th - try in - any changes?
5th - fit
80
what does a willis bite gauge measure?
occlusal face height of patient with edentulous arch
81
what materials are needed during the denture bite stage?
wax bite rims
wax knife
bite registration paste
pink sheet wax
willis bite gauge
heat source
work ticket
82
what instructions are given once denture is fitted?
how to insert/remove denture
don't wear overnight - avoid oral fungal infections
store overnight in pot of water
clean after each meal
continue attending oral health assessments
83
how often do edentulous patients need to attend for oral health assessments?
ideally annually
if not
at least once very 2 years
84
what is denture stomatitis?
soft tissues covered by dentures become inflamed
85
what antifungal drugs treat denture stomatitis?
nystatin
fluconazole
86
what benefits have chrome-cobalt dentures got over acrylic?
thinner palatal covering
stronger
more hygienic
87
what should chrome-cobalt dentures be cleaned with?
non-hypochlorite as bleach can cause metal corrosion
88
what are immediate dentures?
immediate replacement denture when anterior teeth are extracted
89
what must the patient be made aware of after having an immediate denture made and fitted?
alveolar bone resorption will occur
prosthesis can become loose because of this
90
what procedures can be done to a denture to improve its fit?
relines or rebases
additions of teeth/clasps
replacement of worn teeth
91
what is a reline/rebase?
a new layer of acrylic after alveolar bone loss to fit better
92
what is a denture addition?
addition of a tooth or clasp to a denture
93
what are the tissue conditioners materials?
soft lining - when soft tissues under denture are sore
functional impression - material sets over hours and records soft tissues and denture extremities more accurately
94
what are obturators?
special removable prostheses provided to patient from a hospital dental department
seal off abnormal cavity in maxilla
e.g. cleft palate
95
what are overdentures?
full denture fitted over standing teeth or retained roots
96
what do orthodontic appliances do?
align crooked teeth
97
what types of orthodontic appliances are ther?
fixed appliance
removable appliance
98
what appliances move teeth forwards/backwards?
removable and fixed
99
what appliances move jaws in relation to each other?
functional and fixed
100
what appliances align slightly misplaced teeth?
removable and fixed
101
what appliances align severely misplaced teeth?
fixed only
102
what appliance for derotation of teeth?
fixed
103
what appliance for guided eruption of unerupted teeth?
fixed
104
what appliances for guided eruption of deep overbote?
removable and fixed
105
what is an archwire?
flexible wires to fasten into brackets or bands
106
what are end cutters?
right-angled cutters to trim ends of the archwire after replacement
107
what are alastiks?
rubber bands to hold archwire into slots of each bracket
108
what are alastik holders?
ratcheted holders to apply alastiks to the brackets
109
what are brackets?
metal/ceramic components attached to each tooth
110
what are bands?
metal rings to attach to molars
111
what is a buccal tube?
used instead of molar band where orthodontic forces are unlikely to dislodge tube
112
what are bracket holders?
hold and postion each bracket to centre of tooth
113
what are the bonding materials for orthodontic appliances?
acid etch
resin bond
114
what advice is given after having fixed appliances placed?
careful brushing
fluoridated toothpaste
interdental brushing
disclosing tablets
115
what are adams cribs?
retain appliance in mouth
fit onto molar or premolar
116
what are springs?
move teeth along arch as required
117
what are retractors?
push one/several teeth backwards
118
what are expansion screws?
move several teeth outwards
119
what advice is given to patients with removable appliances?
clean after each meal
wear at all times
avoid cariogenic and acidic foods/drinks
120
what are adam's crib pliers?
adjust metal springs and retractors
121
what is an expansion screw key?
count number of turns to screw between visits
122
what is a functional appliance?
appliance made of acrylic and stainless steel worn in both arches at the same time
e.g. twinblock
123
what do functional appliances do?
correct skeletal class II discrepancies where mandible is further back from ideal position
124
what are aligners?
retainer-like appliance which achieves tooth movement
125
what is IPR and why is it needed?
interproximal reduction
removal small width of enamel of teeth to help make space and align
126
what is an implant?
titanium double screw cylinder inserted into hole drilled into alveolar bone of either jaw
127
what is osseointegration?
when the alveolar bone grows around and into hollow screw structure
128
what kind of tooth replacements can implants have?
single crown tooth
multiple crowns to form bridge
metal bar to act as locking device beneath denture
metal ball to act ad locking device beneath denture
129
what does successful use of implants depend on?
bone
oral health
lifestyle factors
130
what is peri-implantitis?
inflammation in gingival soft tissues surrounding implant due to build up of plaque biofilm
131
what is occlusion?
situation when mouth is closed and teeth of jaws interlock together so occlusal surfaces are in contact
132
what is an overbite?
upper incisors overlap lowers vertically
133
what is an overjet?
upper incisors overlap horizontally
134
what is class I occlusion?
mesiobuccal cusp of upper first molars lies in buccal groove of lower first molar
135
what is the ideal overjet in a class I occlusion?
2-4mm horizontal overlap
136
what is the ideal overbite in a class I occlusion?
50% vertical overlap
137
what is malocclusion?
when normal occlusion isn't present
138
what are the types of malocclusion?
crowding
protruding upper incisors
prominent lower jaw
139
what is crowding and what causes it?
insufficient room for all teeth to erupt in line and occurs in jaws too small to accommodate 32 permanent teeth
140
can early extraction of deciduous molar contribute to crowding?
yes
141
what is a class II div I malocclusion?
upper incisors bite in front of lowers causing overjet
142
what is a class II div II malocclusion?
incisors bite in front and deeper over lowers causing overbite
143
what is a class III malocclusion?
lower incisors meet either edge to edge or in front of upper incisors
this is a negative overjet
144
what does supernumery mean?
extra teeth
145
what is microdontia?
abnormally small teeth erupting in normal sized jaw
146
what is hypodontia?
congenitally absent teeth
147
what are the common soft tissue habits?
thumb sucking - prevent teeth erupting normally
