Basics Flashcards
(41 cards)
What are the common ‘female’ problems that owners consult the vet about? (15)
Neutering Stopping a season Suspected pregnancy Misalliance Calling False Pregnancy Lactation Dystocia Mating time Fertility problems Vulval discharge Vulval mass Vulval swelling Abdominal distension Systemic illness
What are the common ‘male’ problems that owners consult the vet about?
Neutering Behavioural modification Testicles missing Testicles of different sizes Difficulty defecating Systemic illness Preputial discharge Penis sticking out Penile mass Penile/testicular injury
What is misalliance?
Inadvertent mating
What is the first question you should answer when faced with a potential reproductive problem?
Is this just a manifestation of normal reproductive physiology?
What do we use to diagnose reproductive problems?
History
Clinical signs
PE findings
Combination of a variety of diagnostic tests
What things should be taken from a history with a reproductive problem?
Define owners problem/reason for visit Age, breed and sex Neutered/entire Females - last season (when, normal, mating?), breeding history Current/planned use of animal Previous illnesses/surgery Additional general information
What should you perhaps do if a breeder is coming in with a reproductive problem>
Touch up on reading to ensure you know what you are talking about
Why would use of the animal affect your decision in reproductive problems?
Depends on decision to neuter if owner wishes to breed from the animal
What should be examined clinically in the female?
General PE Vulva Mammary glands Vaginal examination (possibly) Rectal examination (possibly) Response to behavioural stimuli
What should be examined clinically in the male?
General PE Scrotum and testes Prepuce and penis Mammary glands (possibly) Rectal examination
What do we want to assess in a general physical examination with a potential reproductive problem?
BCS
Pyrexia
Signs of anaemia/shock
Lymphadenopathy
What do we want to focus on in abdominal examinations with a potential reproductive problem?
Abdominal mass Uterine enlargement Fluid thrill Visceral displacement Pain
What is fluid thrill?
Free fluid within the abdomen
Blot the abdomen and can feel it come through wall on the opposite side
What do we check mammary glands for?
Enlargement Lactation Masses Pain Discharge
What should we check the scrotum for?
Check skin Presence of two testicles Size Shape Consistency Mobility Pain
What should we check the vulva/prepuce for?
Size
Shape
Position
Abnormalities
Discharge - colour, consistency, smell, inflammation
Mucous membranes and junction
Extrude penis - shaft and external urethral orifice
How well tolerated are digital rectal examinations? Vaginal examinations?
Rectal well tolerated
Vaginal usually resented in dogs and not possible in most cats
When are vaginal examinations possible in cats and easier in dogs?
During parturition as muscle relaxed
What should you use when undertaking a rectal examination?
Lube
Gloves
Adequate restraint
What are you checking in a rectal examination?
Anal sacs Urethra Prostate Vagina Enlarged dorsal lymph nodes Pelvic diameter
What are the signs of oestrus?
Vulval enlargement
Standing on
What is an extremely important thing in coming up with differential diagnoses?
Neutered status - eliminates hormone driven reproductive disease
What do haematology and biochemistry allow detection of?
Changes that are suggestive of: infection/sepsis, azotaemia, hypo/hypercalcaemia, hypoglycaemia, anaemia
What are urinary tract infections closely related to?
Reproductive tract infections
