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Microbiology > Genital Pathogens and STI's > Flashcards

Genital Pathogens and STI's Flashcards

1
Q

Sexually transmitted infections (STI’s)

A
  • spread via person-to-person sexual contact

- some can be transmitted mother to baby during birth or blood products

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2
Q

CDC reccomendations

A
  • yearly chlamydia and gonorrhea screenings for at risk women
  • annual chlamydia screening for women age 25
  • annual screening of men who have sex with men for syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and HIV
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3
Q

Normal urethral flora

A

CoNS, Corynebacteria, Anaerobes, Lactobacillus, non-hemolytic strep, Neisseria

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4
Q

Normal vulva and foreskin flora

A

Mycobacterium smegmatis, Gram-positive organisms

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5
Q

Prepubescent and postmenopausal female genital flora

A
  • CoNS, Corynebacteria

- varies with pH and estrogen

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6
Q

Normal genital flora of reproductive age females

A

Enterobacteriaceae, Strep, Staph, Anaerobes (Lactobacillus), Clostridium, transient yeast

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7
Q

Endogenous Genital infections

A

result from organisms that are normal flora

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8
Q

Exogenous Genital infections

A

STI’s, result from instrumentation or foreign bodies

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9
Q

Primary Genital Pathogens

A
  • Chlamydia trachomatis
  • Neisseria gonorrhoeae
  • Treponema pallidum
  • Human papilloma virus
  • Gardnerella vaginalis: bacterial vaginosis, premature labor
  • Trichomonas vaginalis
  • Haemophilus ducreyi
  • Klebseilla granulomatis
  • Mycoplasma hominis
  • Ureaplasma urealyticum
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10
Q
  • cervicitis with mucus
  • PID leading to infertility
  • Preterm births
A

Chlamydia trachomatis

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11
Q
  • may be #1 STI
  • penile malignancy, cervical carcinoma
  • genital warts
A

Human papilloma virus (HPV)

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12
Q

Gardnerella vaginalis

A

bacterial vaginosis, premature labor, low birth rates

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13
Q

Trachomonas vaginalis

A

vaginitis

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14
Q
  • questionable role in genital infection
  • PID, pyelonephritis
  • postpartum fever with morbidity and still births
A

Mycoplasma hominis

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15
Q
  • acute non-gonococcal urethritis

- acute urethral syndrome in females with reproductive failure

A

Ureaplasma urealyticum

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16
Q

Organisms associated with homosexual practice

A
  • Protozoa: Giardia, Entamoeba
  • Bacteria: Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, N. meningitidis
  • Viruses: CMV, Hepatitis, HIV
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17
Q

Genital tract pathogens

A
  • Fungi: Candida, yeast
  • Viruses: CMV, HPV, Herpes
  • Protozoa: Trichomonas vaginalis, scabies, lice
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18
Q

Genital tract infections (clinical manifestations)

A
  • women asymptomatic

- discharge, dysuria, skin lesions

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19
Q

Vaginosis and Vaginitis

A
  • inflammation of vaginal mucosa
  • discharge and odor
  • Trichomonas vaginalis and Candida albicans
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20
Q

Bacterial vaginosis

A
  • polymicrobial or Gardnerella vaginalis

- most common vaginal infection in women of child-bearing age

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21
Q

Cervicitis

A
  • inflammation of cervix
  • increased number of PMN’s
  • N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis
22
Q

HPV

A
  • most common sexually transmitted viral disease in US

- genital warts, cervical cancer

23
Q

anorectal lesions

A
  • HPV, HSV, viruses, parasites, N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis
  • itching, discharge, anal pain
  • proctitis: N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis
  • due to HIV in ICP’s
24
Q

Batholinitis

A
  • infection of glands on either side of vaginal orifice
  • N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis
  • polymicrobial infections (commonly)
25
Q

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

A
  • cervical microorganisms travel to endometrium, fallopian tubes and other pelvic structures
  • N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis
  • associated with IUD’s (Actinomyces)***
26
Q

Post-gyneclogic surgery infections

A

pelvic cellulitis or abscesses, usually from own flora

27
Q

Pregnancy-associated infections

A
  • bloodborne or ascending routes from mom to baby
  • Chorioamnionitis: infection of uterus and contents during pregnancy; anaerobes, genital mycoplasmas, Group B strep, E. coli
28
Q

Epididymitis

A
  • inflammation of epididymis

- complication of gonorrhea or chlamydia

29
Q

Proctitis

A

inflammation of rectal lining

30
Q

Specimen collection

A
  • discharge for Neisseria and Chlamydia (males and females)
  • discharge for yeast, beta-hemolytic strep, Gardnerella (females)
  • discharge for ureaplasma and chlamydia (males)
  • urethral swab for ureaplasma, chlamydia, trichomonas (Dacron swab)
31
Q

Urine specimen (organisms)

A

Chlamydia (males), Trichomonas (males), Neisseria gonorrhoeae

32
Q

Cervical swab (organisms)

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, yeast, beta-hemolytic strep, herpes simplex

33
Q

Transport

A
  • gonococci: Stuart’s or Amie’s charcoal media

- Chlamydia and Mycoplasma: specific transport media

34
Q

Gram-stain dipplococci

A

N. gonorrhoeae

35
Q

Wet prep

A

T. vaginalis

36
Q

10% KOH prep

A

yeasts (hyphae plus odor)

37
Q

Clue cells

A
  • epithelial cells surrounded by gram-positive coccobacilli

- Gardnerella vaginalis (bacterial vaginosis) is clue cell +

38
Q

Gonococci media

A

Modified Thayer Martin, New York City agar, JEMBEC

39
Q

Yeast media/serology

A

CNA, BAP

Hybridization assay

40
Q

Gardnerella media/serology

A

CNA, V agar

Hybridization assay

41
Q

Beta-hemolytic media/serology

A

CNA, BAP

Rapid antigen tests

42
Q

Mycoplasma/ureaplasma media

A

A8 agar

43
Q

Chlamydia media

A

Cell culture on McCoy media

44
Q

Trichomonas

A

Diamond’s media

DFA, Hybridization assay

45
Q

Hepes Simplex Virus (HSV)

A
  • genital herpes
  • extensive painful vesicles
  • culture and look for cytopathogenic effect
  • DFA, EIA, PCR
46
Q

Syphilis (lab diagnosis)

A
  • Darkfield microscopy and DFA
  • nontreponemal antibody tests
  • treponemal specific antibody tests
47
Q

Chancroid

A
  • Haemophilus ducreyi
  • painful genital ulceration, bubo formation
  • pleomorphic, gram-negative coccobacilli, school of fish
48
Q

Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)

A
  • C. trachomatis serovars L1, L2, L2a, L2b, L3

- secondary stage spreads to lymph nodes

49
Q

Donovanosis

A

Klebsiella granulomatis

50
Q

Infections of neonates

A
  • transmitted via birth canal
  • HSV, CMV
  • Group B streptococcal sepsis
  • Gonorrhea
  • Chlamydia conjunctivitis and pneumonia
  • E. coli

Microbiology (26 decks)

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