Week 4 - MS Infectious Disease

Question 0

What does a banded neutrophil look like in comparison to a mature neutrophil?

Answer 0

A banded neutrophil has one large lobe, not sectioned (shaped like a C). Meanwhile, a mature neutrophil is also lobular but it’s sectioned into different chunks yet all lobes are still connected.

Question 1

What is the function of WBC? What is a normal WBC count? When do you have elevated WBC?

Answer 1

• Cells of the immune system defending the body against both infections and foreign materials
• Normal: 4,500-11,000 cells/ml
• Infections, inflammatory diseases, autoimmune systemic diseases, leukemia, and emotional & physical stress

Question 2

What is the composition of the WBC Count normally?

Answer 2

Basophils )

Question 3

How is ESR calculated and what does it stand for?

Answer 3

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate

Rate at which RBC precip. in one hour when anti-coagulated blood is allowed to stand

Question 4

What does ESR measure/indicate?

Answer 4

It measures abnormal acute phase proteins and immunoglobulins.
It’s a nonspecific indicator of tissue damage & inflammation.
-Elevated in: anemia, endocarditis, kidney disease, osteomyelitis, pregnancy, etc.

Question 5

What is normal ESR?

Answer 5

</= 20 mm/hr

Question 6

What is C-Reactive Protein (CRP)?

Answer 6

It is produced in the liver & present in circulation at low levels normally. It is involved in the promotion of the immune system through the activation of the complement cascade.

Question 7

What is the normal amount of CRP?

Answer 7

</= 1 mg/dL

Question 8

When is CRP elevated?

Answer 8

Bacterial infections, inflammation conditions, acute rheumatic fever, acute rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease

Question 9

What causes discoloration of the synovial fluid?

Answer 9

Tissue destruction & bacteria getting deeper into the tissue & causing blood to leak out