The Back 2

Question 1

Describe the Anterior Longitudinal Ligament.

Answer 1

ALL–Strong band of fibrous tissue running from C1 to the sacrum.
Prevents hyperextension of the vertebral column.

Question 2

Describe the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament.
Size.
Course
Where does it attach?
What happens in lower back?
Pain sensitive?

Answer 2

PLL–Narrower and weaker than anterior ligament.
Runs within the vertebral canal C2 to sacrum.
Attached mainly to Intervertebral discs.
Narrows at L2 and tapers down to little support in low back.
Very pain sensitive.

Question 3

Describe Facet joints
articulations
What type of joint?
Ligaments?
What is inside the joint?

Answer 3

Articulations are between superior and inferior articular processes of adjacent vertebrae.
Surrounded by thin joint capsule (synovial joint)
No ligamentous support.
Inside, articular cartialge surrounded by synovial membrane.

Question 4

What happens with Ligamentum Flava hypertrophy.

Answer 4

Caused by degenerative conditions of the vertebral column.
A combination of ligamenta flava hypertrophy, zygopophysial hypertrophy, and mild disc protrusion can cause spinal stenosis.

Question 5

What limits motion in the vertebral column? 6

Answer 5

Thickness,, elasticity and compressibility of intervertebral discs.
Shape and orientation of the facet joints.
Tension of the joint capsule.
Resistance of back muscles.
Attachment to the rib cage.
Bulk of surrounding tissue.

Question 6

What 5 motions is the back capable of?

Answer 6

Flexion
Extension
Lateral Flexion
Lateral Extension
Rotation

Question 7

WHat layers of the back muscles are extrinsic?

What are thier functions?

Answer 7

Superficial (appendicular group) –Control limb movement.

Intermediate (Respiratory group)–Control respiratory movement.

Question 8

Name the 5 muscles in the superficial group

Answer 8

Trapezius.
Latissimus dorsi, 
Rhomboid Major.
Rhomboid Minor.
Levator Scapulae.

Question 9

What layer of the back muscles is intrinsic?

What are their functions?

Answer 9

Deep

Maintain posture and control movement of the vertebral column.

Question 10

Name the muscles of the intermediate layer

Answer 10

Serratus posterior superior

Serratus posterior inferior.

Question 11

The intrinsic, deep muscles of the back have their own Superficial, intermedia, and deep layers.
Name the superficial layers of the Intrinsic layer?

Answer 11

Splenius cervicis

Splenius Capitis

Question 12

Name the intermediate layer muscles of the intrinsic muscles.

Answer 12

Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis

Question 13

Name the deep layer muscles of the intrinsic muscles.

Answer 13

Semispinalis
Multifidus
Rotatores

Question 14

What determines the regional subdivision of erector spinae muscles?
What are the 4 regional name?

Answer 14

Erector spinae muscles are subdivided regionally depending on where the muscles attach superiorly.
Lumborum.
Thoracis.
Cervicis.
Capitis.