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Organ Histo: exam 1 > chapter 2: cells in CT > Flashcards

chapter 2: cells in CT Flashcards

1
Q

cell in CT that:

  • is derived from MESENCHYME cells
  • usually fixed cell, but can move somewhat
  • may occasionally divide in wound healing
  • may change into other cell types
A

fibroblast

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2
Q

fibroblasts –> ________ during fibrocartilage formation

A

chondrocytes

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3
Q

fibroblasts –> ________ in certain pathologies

A

osteoblasts

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4
Q

STRUCTURAL function of fibroblasts

A

produce and maintain MATRIX (fibers, ground substances)

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5
Q

HEALING function of fibroblasts

A

produce growth factors

SCAR formation

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6
Q

dense IRREGULAR CT

  • avascular and contain fibrocytes
  • 70% as strong as original tissue
A

scar formation

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7
Q

DEFENSIVE function of fibroblasts

A

produce cytokines and enzymes

can phagocytize when needed

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8
Q
  • mature less active fibroblast so it will appear flat
  • long lived cell with lower energy & oxygen requirements
  • structural cell but limited capabilities
A

fibrocyte

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9
Q

fibrocytes can produce these three things

A

HA
ground substance
reticular fibers

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10
Q

fibrocytes CANNOT produce new ____ ____ fibers

A

collagen elastic

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11
Q

posses features of fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells
-functions during:
wound healing
tooth erruption

A

myofibroblast

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12
Q

Can be unilocular or multiocular

  • DONT divide or change into other cell types
  • derived from mesenchyme cells producing preadipocytes
A

adipocytes

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13
Q

general fxns of adipocytes

A

lipid storage

regulate energy metabolism (produce LEPTIN)

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14
Q

cells derived from B lymphocytes

  • DON’T divide, relatively short-lived
  • found in CT
  • not typically found in blood
A

plasma cells

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15
Q

main fxn of plasma cells is to produce:

A

immunoglobulins

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16
Q
  • large cells with an indented or kidney-shaped nucleus, often containing residual bodies in their cytoplasm
  • can divide
  • very important defensive cell
A

macrophages

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17
Q

macrophages are derived from:

A

monocytes

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18
Q

all members of this system arise from a common ancestor in bone marrow and are able to phagocytize and display particular receptors

A

mononuclear phagocyte system (reticuloedothelial system)

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19
Q 
kupffer cells
alveolar macrophages
monocytes
microglia
langerhans cells
osteoclasts
-are all part of this system
A

mononuclear phagocyte system (reticuloedothelial system)

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20
Q

-phagocytosis of debris & MICROBES
-acts as APC
-create foreign body giant cells
-release cytokines and other products
Are all functions of:

A

Macrophage

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21
Q

large cells containing cytoplasmic granules

  • found in CT proper, small BV and under epithelium
  • live FEW DAYS TO MONTHS
A

mast cells

22
Q

mast cells are derived from

A

basophils

23
Q 
inflammation
immediate hypersensitivity response
anaphylaxis
asthma
release primary mediators
produce and release secondary mediators
--these are all due to what cell type
A

Mast cells

24
Q

primary mediator released by mast cells

A

histamine (ON SWITCH)
heparin (OFF SWITCH)
ECFNCF

25
Q

histamine:

  • increases permeability of _____& ____, vasodilation of arterioles and small arteries to _____ blood flow to area
  • contraction of ____ ______ muscle
A

capillaries
venules
increase
visceral smooth

26
Q

heparin binds to and inactivates ____ (slow effect)

A

histamine

27
Q

primary mediator that attracts eosinophils, which will:

  • inhibit leukotrienes
  • produce factor that inhibits mast cell degranulation
  • phagocytize IgE
  • allergin complexes and mast cell granules
  • secretes histaminase
  • limits effects of histamine and leukotrienes
  • destroy parastic worm larvae
A

ECF (eosinophil chemotactic factor)

28
Q

attracts neutrophils

A

NCF (neutrophil chemotactic factor)

29
Q

secondary mediator that has same effect as histamine, but MUCH MORE POWERFUL; will extend and amplify effects of histamine

A

leukotrienes

30
Q 
direct cell trauma
phagocytosis
IgE allergic complex
complement process/molecules
-these 4 stimuli activate which cell type
A

mast cells

31
Q

elicits IgE formation which binds to mast cells, slower reaction/weak

A

first exposure (primary immune response)

32
Q

first exposure produces which types of cells

A

memory (B&T cells)

33
Q

allergin binds to “sensitized” mast cells and mast cell degranulate; quick reaction

A

second exposure (secondary immune response)

34
Q

mast cell mediated events

A

basic inflammatory rxn
immediate hypersensitivity response
anaphylaxis
asthma

35
Q

stimulates phagocytosis/direct trauma/complement
mast cell DEGRANULATE:
local rxn
-histamine reacts first
-increase in permeability of capillaries and venues
-dilation of arterioles and small arteries
-leukotrienes take effect –> extends effects of histamine
-heparin and ECF react last

A

basic inflammatory rxn, cut in skin

36
Q
  • stimulates IgE/allergin complex
  • mast cells degranulate and produce various substances
  • localized inflammatory response at site of allergic contact
A

immediate hypersensitivity response: simple allergy

37
Q

stimulates: massive IgE production
systemic mast cells & basophil degranulation and secretion
systemic inflammatory response
anaphylactic shock

A

anaphylaxis: general process

38
Q

circulatory shock –> cardiovascular collapse caused by EXTENSIVE internal bleeding

A

anaphylactic shock

39
Q

allergins typically in the air and often known, usually childhood onset

A

extrinsic asthma

40
Q

allergin typically unknown, adult onset may follow a respiratory illness

A

intrinsic asthma

41
Q
  • IgE/allergin complex
  • secondary factors: inflammation in lungs
  • primary problem: release of LEUKOTRIENES
  • -are all causes for:
A

asthma

42
Q

monocytes become ______ in CT

A

macrophages

43
Q

neutrophils _________; attracted to site of ______ inflammation

A

phagocytize

acute

44
Q

eosinophils combat _________ worm larvae; attracted to site of _______ inflammation

A

parasitic

allergic

45
Q

basophils are similar to _____ cells

initiate, maintain and influence _______

A

mast

inflammation

46
Q

lymphocytes: ______ and cell mediated immunities; attracted to sites of ______ inflammation

A

humoral

chronic

47
Q

mesenchyme cells: adult ______ cells – function to _________

  • Can divide
  • may or may not exist in adults
A

stem

change into another cell type

48
Q

derived from mesenchyme cells

A

reticular cells

49
Q

function: to make reticular fibers when needed on permanent basis

A

reticular cells

50
Q

______ produce NET FIBERS when needed temporarily ex. wound healing

A

fibroblasts

Organ Histo: exam 1 (12 decks)

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