3.1

Question 1

Epidemiologists

Answer 1

A branch of medical science that deals with the incidence, distribution, causes, and control of health problems in a population.

Question 2

Epidemic

Answer 2

When there is a sudden increase in the number of cases of a disease in a population,

Question 3

Endemic

Answer 3

A disease perpetually present in a community or population within a specific geographic area.

Question 4

Outbreak

Answer 4

A sudden increase in the occurrence of a disease in a localized area.

Question 5

Pandemic

Answer 5

An epidemic that has spread across several countries or continents and affects a large number of people.

Question 6

Nosocomial

Answer 6

An infection acquired in a hospital; also known as a hospital-acquired infection or HAI.

Question 7

Infection

Answer 7

The establishment of a disease-causing microorganism within a host.

Question 8

Host

Answer 8

An organism in which another organism lives.

Question 9

Disease

Answer 9

A disorder of structure or function in an organism that results in specific signs or symptoms, may affect a specific location in the organism, and is not a direct result of physical injury.

Question 10

Pathogens

Answer 10

A disease-causing organism.

Question 11

Prions

Answer 11

Any of various infectious proteins that are abnormal forms of normal cellular proteins. Prions proliferate by inducing normal proteins to convert to the abnormal form that causes diseases

Question 12

Viruses

Answer 12

Any of a large group of nonliving, submicroscopic infective agents that typically comprise an RNA or DNA core of genetic material surrounded by a protein coat

Question 13

Bacteria

Answer 13

A single-celled, prokaryotic microorganism.

Question 14

Protists

Answer 14

Any eukaryotic protist of the phylum or subkingdom Protozoa.

Question 15

Fungi

Answer 15

Saprophytic and parasitic spore-producing eukaryotic organisms that lack chlorophyll, such as molds, rusts, mildews, smuts, mushrooms, and yeasts.

Question 16

Helminths

Answer 16

A large, eukaryotic, multicellular, parasitic worm, such as a tapeworm, liver fluke, ascarid, or leech.

Question 17

Direct contact

Answer 17

Disease transmission that occurs when a susceptible host touches an infected individual or is exposed to their body fluids.

Question 18

Indirect contact

Answer 18

Disease transmission that occurs when a susceptible host touches an infected individual or is exposed to their body fluids.

Question 19

Innate immunity

Answer 19

Non-specific immune defense mechanisms that we are born with. These mechanisms work to keep anything outside of us from coming in.

Question 20

Acquired immunity

Answer 20

Specific immune defense mechanisms. This form of immunity is acquired over a lifetime and uses antibodies to respond to specific antigens.

Question 21

Antigen

Answer 21

Anything that stimulates an immune response.

Question 22

T-cells

Answer 22

A type of white blood cell (lymphocyte) produced by the thymus and involved in the immune response.

Question 23

B-Cells

Answer 23

A type of lymphocyte (white blood cell) that matures in bone marrow and produces antibodies.

Question 24

Antibodies

Answer 24

A protein produced by B cells in the blood; works to impair pathogens. Also called an immunoglobulin.

Question 25

Antigens

Answer 25

Anything that stimulates an immune response.

Question 26

Immunity

Answer 26

The ability to defend against a pathogen by preventing its entry and/or development or by neutralizing its pathogenic cellular products.

Question 27

Vaccine

Answer 27

A substance used to stimulate an immune response with the goal of creating antibodies and providing immunity to specific infections.

Question 28

Simulation

Answer 28

A representation that uses varying sets of values to reflect the changing state of a phenomenon

Question 29

Etiology

Answer 29

The cause of a disease or condition.

Question 30

Metabolize

Answer 30

The chemical reaction processes of breaking down molecules for energy and of using simple building blocks to build up more complex molecules needed for growth and repair.

Question 31

Aseptic technique

Answer 31

The practice and/or process of preventing contamination.

Question 32

Coccus

Answer 32

Any spherical, or generally round, bacterium; plural is cocci.

Question 33

Bacillus

Answer 33

A rod-shaped (cylindrical) bacterium; plural is bacilli.

Question 34

Spirillum

Answer 34

A spiral-shaped bacterium.

Question 35

Gram stain

Answer 35

A differential staining technique, named after the physician Hans C. J. Gram, used to characterize the cellular structure of Gram positive bacteria

Question 36

Morbidity

Answer 36

Refers to having a disease or a symptom of disease, or the rate of disease within a population.

Question 37

Mortality

Answer 37

Refers to having a disease or a symptom of disease, or the rate of disease within a population.